ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
When is ATP used?
It is used by cells whenever a process requires energy eg active transport and protein synthesis
The inorganic phosphate released in the hydrolysis of ATP can be used to phosphorylate other compounds making them more reactive
Where and when is ATP made
In the mitochondria during aerobic respiration of eukaryotic cells
What is the structure of ATP? What is it called and what does this mean
Has a 5 carbon ribose sugar, base adenine, 3 phosphate groups
It is called a nucleotide derivative - this is a modified nucleotude
How does ATP differ from a RNA nucleotide containing adenine
It has 3 phosphate groups instead of 1
What is ATP called because of the extra phosphate groups
A phosphorylated nucleotide
What type of reaction will release energy from ATP
Hydrolysis
How do you release energy from ATP? What should you use
Should use water and the enzyme ATP hydrolyse (catalyst) to break the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups
How is ATP resynthesised? What does this process require?
Condensing together molecules of ADP and inorganic phosphate groups using the enzyme ATP synthase
This process requires energy
How can ATP be made in SOME cells
Using light energy in photosynthesis
Why is ATP used for releasing energy
Because it releases energy in small amounts
It is broken down quickly in one step reaction so energy is available
It adds phosphates to make substances more reactive
It is reformed easily so can be used again
What happens when something g is phosphorylated
It becomes more reactive
