DNA And RNA Structure

Question 1

What does DNA stand for

Answer 1

Dioxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Where is DNA found

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

What does DNA contain

Answer 3

Genetic information

Question 4

What is the function of DNA

Answer 4

Codes for a specific sequence of an amino acid and holds genetic information

Question 5

What is DNA read/translated by

Answer 5

The ribosomes

Question 6

Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus

Answer 6

It is charged/polar and is too big to leave

Question 7

How does DNA leave the nucleus

Answer 7

It gets converted in to mRNA

Question 8

What are ribosomes made of

Answer 8

RNA and proteins

Question 9

What is the function of RNA

Answer 9

To transfer information from the DNA to the ribosomes

Question 10

What are the similarities between DNA and RNA

Answer 10

Both has adenine, guanine and cytosine groups
Both have a pentose sugar group
Both have phosphate groups

Question 11

What is a pentose sugar

Answer 11

A 5 carbon sugar

Question 12

What are the differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 12

RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded
RNA has a ribose sugar, DNA has a dioxyribose sugar
RNA has a uracil base, DNA has a thymine base
RNA is shorter, DNA is longer with more nucleotides
RNA does not have hydrogen bonds between base pairing, DNA does

Question 13

What categories can the bases fit in to

Answer 13

Purine
Pyrimidine

Question 14

What do the purine bases have

Answer 14

2 carbon rings

Question 15

What bases are purine bases

Answer 15

Adenine and guanine

Question 16

What do a pyrimidine bases have

Answer 16

1 carbon ring

Question 17

What bases are pyrimidine bases

Answer 17

Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

Question 18

What bases can be in DNA

Answer 18

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 19

What bases can be in RNA

Answer 19

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil

Question 20

What type of bond holds together bases

Answer 20

Hydrogen

Question 21

How are nucleotides joined together to form polynucleotides? What bonds does this form

Answer 21

Condensation reactions remove water molecules from between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the dioxyribose/ribose of another
This forms phosphodiester bonds

Question 22

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 22

It is a polymer of nucleotides
Phosphodiester bonds join adjacent nucleotides
2 polynucleotide chains are held together by hydrogen bonds that form between complementary bases (AT and GC)
Double helix
Each nucleotide is formed from dioxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing organic base

Question 23

Describe the structure of RNA

Answer 23

Polymer of nucleotides
Each nucleotide is formed from ribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing organic base
Bases are U, A, C, G
Phosphodiester bonds join adjacent nucleotides
Single helix

Question 24

How does DNA having two strands relate to its function

Answer 24

Both can act as templates for semi conservative replication

Question 25

How does DNA having weak hydrogen bonds between bases relate to its function

Answer 25

It makes it easier for strands to be separated for replication

Question 26

How does DNA having complementary base pairing relate to its function

Answer 26

It means replication is accurate

Question 27

How does DNA having lots of hydrogen bonds between bases relate to its function

Answer 27

It means that the molecule is stable and strong

Question 28

How does DNA being a double helix with a sugar phosphate backbone relate to its function

Answer 28

It means the bases and hydrogen bonds are protected

Question 29

How does DNA being a long molecule relate to its function

Answer 29

It means it can store lots of genetic information (that codes for polypeptides)

Question 30

How does DNA being coiled/a double helix relate to its function

Answer 30

It makes it compact

Question 31

How can you use incomplete information about the frequency of bases on DNA strands to find the frequency of other bases? Why does this work

Answer 31

% of adenine in strand = % of thymine in other strand % of guanine in strand = % of cytosine in other strand This works because of specific complementary base pairing between 2 strands