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Biological Molecules - Biology > DNA And RNA Structure > Flashcards

DNA And RNA Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Dioxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

Where is DNA found

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What does DNA contain

A

Genetic information

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4
Q

What is the function of DNA

A

Codes for a specific sequence of an amino acid and holds genetic information

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5
Q

What is DNA read/translated by

A

The ribosomes

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6
Q

Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus

A

It is charged/polar and is too big to leave

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7
Q

How does DNA leave the nucleus

A

It gets converted in to mRNA

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8
Q

What are ribosomes made of

A

RNA and proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of RNA

A

To transfer information from the DNA to the ribosomes

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10
Q

What are the similarities between DNA and RNA

A

Both has adenine, guanine and cytosine groups
Both have a pentose sugar group
Both have phosphate groups

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11
Q

What is a pentose sugar

A

A 5 carbon sugar

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12
Q

What are the differences between RNA and DNA

A

RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded
RNA has a ribose sugar, DNA has a dioxyribose sugar
RNA has a uracil base, DNA has a thymine base
RNA is shorter, DNA is longer with more nucleotides
RNA does not have hydrogen bonds between base pairing, DNA does

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13
Q

What categories can the bases fit in to

A

Purine
Pyrimidine

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14
Q

What do the purine bases have

A

2 carbon rings

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15
Q

What bases are purine bases

A

Adenine and guanine

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16
Q

What do a pyrimidine bases have

A

1 carbon ring

17
Q

What bases are pyrimidine bases

A

Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

18
Q

What bases can be in DNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

19
Q

What bases can be in RNA

A

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil

20
Q

What type of bond holds together bases

A

Hydrogen

21
Q

How are nucleotides joined together to form polynucleotides? What bonds does this form

A

Condensation reactions remove water molecules from between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the dioxyribose/ribose of another
This forms phosphodiester bonds

22
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

It is a polymer of nucleotides
Phosphodiester bonds join adjacent nucleotides
2 polynucleotide chains are held together by hydrogen bonds that form between complementary bases (AT and GC)
Double helix
Each nucleotide is formed from dioxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing organic base

23
Q

Describe the structure of RNA

A

Polymer of nucleotides
Each nucleotide is formed from ribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing organic base
Bases are U, A, C, G
Phosphodiester bonds join adjacent nucleotides
Single helix

24
Q

How does DNA having two strands relate to its function

A

Both can act as templates for semi conservative replication

25
Q

How does DNA having weak hydrogen bonds between bases relate to its function

A

It makes it easier for strands to be separated for replication

26
Q

How does DNA having complementary base pairing relate to its function

A

It means replication is accurate

27
Q

How does DNA having lots of hydrogen bonds between bases relate to its function

A

It means that the molecule is stable and strong

28
Q

How does DNA being a double helix with a sugar phosphate backbone relate to its function

A

It means the bases and hydrogen bonds are protected

29
Q

How does DNA being a long molecule relate to its function

A

It means it can store lots of genetic information (that codes for polypeptides)

30
Q

How does DNA being coiled/a double helix relate to its function

A

It makes it compact

31
Q

How can you use incomplete information about the frequency of bases on DNA strands to find the frequency of other bases? Why does this work

A

% of adenine in strand = % of thymine in other strand
% of guanine in strand = % of cytosine in other strand
This works because of specific complementary base pairing between 2 strands

Biological Molecules - Biology (12 decks)

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