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Biological Molecules - Biology > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA replication NOT the same as

A

Proteinsynthesis

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2
Q

What is the structure of DNA

A

Double helix with 2 strands which run antiparallel

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3
Q

What does each DNA strand have

A

A 5’ end and a 3’ end

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4
Q

From which end is DNA always read

A

DNA is always read from 5’ to 3’

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5
Q

What is DNA helicase

A

An enzyme which splits a double strand of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases

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6
Q

What is a template strand

A

A single strand of DNA that has been unwound and separated from the other strand

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7
Q

Where are free DNA nucleotides found

A

The nucleus

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8
Q

What do free DNA nucleotides do

A

They attach to the complementary bases on the template strand

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9
Q

What is DNA polymerase

A

An enzyme which is involved in the condensation reaction, joining adjacent nucleotides together and reforming the double stranded DNA

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10
Q

How does DNA polymerase travel

A

From 5’ to 3’

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11
Q

What type of process is DNA replication

A

Semi conservative

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12
Q

What is the first step in DNA replication

A

DNA helicase unwinds double stranded DNA, breaking hydrogen bonds, leaving 2 template strands

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13
Q

What is the second step in DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase binds at the 5’ end of the template strand of DNA

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14
Q

What is the third step in DNA replication

A

Free DNA nucleotides, complementary to the template strands are joined together by DNA polymerase in a condensation reaction, forming phosphodiester bonds

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15
Q

How can a leading strand be copied

A

From start to finish in one entire section

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16
Q

How can a lagging strand be copied

A

Has to be copied in sections as the double stranded DNA is being unwound

17
Q

Why is semi conservative replication important

A

Because it ensures genetic continuity between generations of cells

18
Q

Define semi conservative

A

Each new DNA molecule consists of one original (template) strand and one new strand

19
Q

Why does DNA polymerase move in opposite directions along DNA strands

A

Because it has anti parallel strands so arrangements of nucleotides on two ends are different
DNA polymerase is an enzyme with a specific shaped active site so can only bind to the substrate which has the complementary shape

20
Q

Who proposed the models of the chemical structure of DNA and DNA replication

A

Watson and Crick

Biological Molecules - Biology (12 decks)

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