proteins Flashcards
primary structure
(2)
-specific linear sequence of amino acids
- if one amino acid is changed in the sequence, it could render the protein dysfunctional
secondary structure
- folds and coils at various locations of polypeptides due to hydrogen bonding in the polypeptide backbone
tertiary structure
(2)
- 3D structure is determined by intermolecular reactions between R-groups in the polypeptide chain
- (ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridge
quarternary structure
some proteins consist of 2 or more polypeptide chains aggregated into one functional macromolecule
what is the basic structure of an amino acid
(5)
- a central carbon
- an amino group
- a carboxyl group
- an H atom
- a side chain (R)
how many amino acids are there
20/21
how many are essential
8/9
what type of reaction occurs in the synthesis of peptides? what type of bond is formed
dehydration and a peptide bond will form
polypeptide
a peptide with 50 or more amino acids linked together
protein
(2)
- the most diverse and complex molecule in living organisms
- it is a large molecule that consists of many amino acid subunit that are joined together by peptide bonds
how is a polypeptide different from a protein
a polypeptide is a chain of 50 or more amino acids and and a protein contains one or more polypeptides
denaturation
when a protein loses its 3-dimensional shape
what factors cause a protein to denature what are some examples
- pH, temperature, salt
is denaturation irreversible, reversible or both? explain.
it is both because when removing the denaturing agent, it becomes reversible and when the peptide bonds are destroyed, denaturation becomes irreversible
amphiprotic
they possess both acidic and basic functional groups
