basic chem review Flashcards
definitions and other
what are the intramolecular forces?
ionic and covalent
what are the intermolecular forces?
van der Walls forces and hydrogen bonding
electronegativity
non-polar: less than 0.4
polar: between 0.4 - 1.7
ionic compounds: 1.7 and greater
dehydration/ condensation reaction
(3)
- the removal of a -OH from one reactant and -H from another reactant
- the -OH and -H form H2O while the two reactants join together
- used to assemble small molecules together into larger ones
hydrolysis
(2)
- water is a reactant to split a large molecule into smaller subunits
- a bond in the reactants molecule is broken and the -H and -OH from water are attached forming two products
neutralization
acid + base +water and a salt
redox
electrons are lost from one atom and gained by another atom
oxidation
loss of electrons. result in an oxidized molecule or atom called the reducing agent
reduction
gain of electrons. molecule that is reduced is referred to as the oxidizing agent
cohesion
water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
adhesion
water molecules form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules
high specific heat capacity
hydrogen bonding causes water to absorb large amounts of thermal energy as its temperature increases, or lose large amounts of thermal energy as its temperature decreases
high specific heat of vaporization
hydrogen bonding causes liquid water to absorb large amounts of thermal energy and becomes a vapour (gas)
highest density at 4*C
as water molecules cool below 0*C, they form an ice water lattice. the hydrogen bonds keep the water molecules spread apart, reducing the density so that it is below the density of liquid water
hydrophobic
non-polar molecules that are not strongly attracted to water; not soluble in water
