part three

Question 1

where is NAD+/NADH oxidized/reduced

Answer 1

NAD+ – reduced in glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and krebs
NADH – oxidized in complex I of ETC

Question 2

where is FAD/FADH oxidized/reduced

Answer 2

FAD – reduced om krebs cycle
FADH2 – oxidized in complex II of ETC

Question 3

how many FADH2 are produced during each stage of cellular respiration

Answer 3

glycolysis- none
pyruvate oxidation- none
krebs- 2FADH (per glucose)
ETC & chemiosmosis- none are produced but recieved from krebs cycle

total: 2FADH per glucose

Question 4

how many NADH are produced during each stage of cellular respiration

Answer 4

glycolysis- 2NADH
pyruvate oxidation- 2NADH
krebs- 6NADH
ETC & chemiosmosis- none are produced

total: 10 NADH per glucose

Question 5

at what stage(s) is CO2 produced? how many?

Answer 5

glycolysis- 0 CO2
pyruvate oxidation- 2 CO2
krebs- 4 CO2
ETC & chemiosmosis- 0 CO2

total: 6CO2 exhaled as waste

Question 6

describe the production of ATP in glycolysis

Answer 6

substrate level phosphorylation at steps 6-7 and 9-10 form 2 ATP

(1,3-bisphosphate; 3- phosphoglycerate) (PEP- pyruvate)

Question 7

describe the production of ATP in pyruvate oxidation

Answer 7

no ATP is produced but NADH is produced which later contributes to ATP production

Question 8

describe the production of ATP in the krebs cycle

Answer 8

substrate- level phosphorylation at step 5-6 form 2 ATP

(succinyl-CoA- succinate)

Question 9

describe the production of ATP in ETC/ chemiosmosis

Answer 9

NADH and FADH2 are moved though ETC, creating a proton graident. the flow of the protons back into the matrix via ATP synthesis, drives ATP production (oxidative phosphorylation); 2 ATP per NADH and 2 ATP per FADH2; 30-32 ATP

Question 10

at what stage of cellular respiration does coenzyme A become aceytl-CoA

Answer 10

krebs

Question 11

how do electrons enter the ETC

Answer 11

through NADH and FADH2 as they oxidize

Question 12

how do electrons travel through the ETC

Answer 12

through ubiquinone and cytochrome

Question 13

ubiquinone

Answer 13

hydrophobic molecule that moves around the IMM; transfers electrons from complex I and II to complex III

Question 14

cytochrome

Answer 14

moves around the intermembrane space; transfers electrons from complex III to IV

Question 15

how many H2O molecules are produced for every glucose molecule

Answer 15

6 H2O molecules