Proteins Flashcards
Chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
That get twisted and folded into a 3-dimensional structure
Proteins
Chemical structure of an AA
Central carbon atom
+
Bonded to one amino or nitrogen-containing group
+
One carboxylic acidic group
+
Side chain
+
Hydrogen atom
Where do protein digestion begins?
with the help of what? and into what
Stomach
Hydrochloric acid and pepsin (proteolytic enzyme)
Proteins -> peptides
Further dig occurs in …
Break into with the help of what
Small intestine
Pancreatic enzymes
Peptides -> amino acids
Absorption occurs when
Amino acid go into the bloodstream
What do proteins do for the body?
Make structural components of cells and tissues
Many enzymes
Hormones
Immune cells
3 functions of proteins
- Structural function
- Enzymatic function
- Immunological function
- Transportation func
- Regulatory func
proteins are the building blocks of tissues, including muscles, bones, skin and nails
Structural function
derived from proteins catalyze biochemical reactions in the body, facilitating processes such as digestion, metabolism, and cellular signaling
Enzymatic function
Immunoglobulins, or antibodies, are proteins produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, in the oral cavity and throughout the body.
Immunological Function
Carriers for essential nutrients
(Vitamins, minerals, hormones)
Transportation function
- Gene Expression
Regulation of gene expression, by acting as transcription factors - Cell Signaling
Transmit signals that regulate physiological responses such as cell growth, proliferation and differentiation
Regulatory function
Amino acids cannot be produced by the body, and therefore must come from our diet (** there’s 9**)
Essential
amino acids can be produced by the body and therefore do not need to come from the diet.
Non essential
How is it called a food contains all nine essential amino acids
Complete protein
Ex of complete protein
Animal proteins
Quinoa, pistachios, hemp seed, soy
Most plan food are incomplete, does missing amino acids or ones that are found in limited amounts are known as
Limiting amino acids
What happen when one or more essential amino acids are deficient
they can delay or inhibit the synthesis of new proteins and compromise overall health
healthy body can make them, can’t make in starvation or inborn error of metabolism
Conditionally essential
What protein help as a complementary limiting amino acids for plant based foods
Rice
Beans
Health benefits of proteins
eating enough protein to meet our bodies requirements is important
Is important
Average adult recommendation of daily protein intake
At least
1 gram for every kg of body weight
Per day
Why do protein help in weight control
It increases the feeling of fullness more than foods high in fat or chos
How protein help with sarcopenia
As protein is essential for the repair and maintenance of
muscle mass
low intake of protein is associated with an increased risk of developing sarcopenia.
increasing protein intake, as well as increasing physical activity can help maintain muscle mass and strength as we age, decreasing risk of sarcopenia and skeletal disorders.
What is sarcopenia?
is a disorder characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and physical function that is commonly associated with older adults
Protein intake for athletes
1.4 - 2 g per kg daily
ability to produce and consume protein in a manner that preserves environmental, social, and economic well-being for current and future generations.
Protein sustainability
