Proteins Flashcards
what elements make up Proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, NITROGEN (CHON)
what is the function(s) of proteins?
Catalyze chemical reactions (enzymatic proteins), transport other substances (transport proteins), Provide framework and connective tissues (structural proteins) and many more.
what is the monomer of protein
amino acids
how many different kinds of amino acids are there?
20
what do Enzymatic proteins do?
catalyze chemical reactions
what is a catalyst?
something that speeds up chemical reactions
What do transport proteins do?
transport other substances. Example: hemoglobin
what do support proteins do?
provide fibrous framework for muscles, ligaments, and tendons
What are two linked amino acids called?
Dipeptide
What are three or more linked amino acids called?
polypeptide
what is a peptide bond?
condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction links amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of the next
what are enzymes and HOW do they work?
catalysts for chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
How many reactants do enzymes work on?
one specific reactant/substrate
what is a substrate?
the thing that an enzyme latches onto
What do enzymes do in order to function?
Bind temporarily to their reactant
what is an induced fit model?
There is one specific place where the substrate fits into its enzyme. The enzyme then closes around the substrate and breaks it down into two products.
What stability do enzymes require?
enzymes require a stable temperature and pH level in order to function
what does it mean when an enzyme is DENATURED
it means that the enzyme has unraveled and is no longer functional
what factors denature enzymes?
High Temperatures, High pH levels, and toxins can all denature enzymes
what is protein synthesis?
peptide bonds (Condensation (Dehydration Synthesis) reaction links amino group of one amino acid with carboxyl group of next)
