Cells / Organelles Flashcards
prokaryote
no nuclei or membrane bound organelles
eukaryote
contains nuclei and other membrane bound organelles
nucleolus
put ribosomes together
found in nucleus
cell membrane
boundary between cell and environment
Bilayer of phospholipids, embedded proteins, and carbohydrates
selectively permeable
JOB: regulate material entering and leaving cell
Gives shape to cell
nucleus
Found in cytoplasm
Surrounded by membrane
Contains DNA (chromatin)
JOB: controls protein production, directs reproduction of cells
Involved in production of ribosomes and tRNA
mitochondria
Found in cytoplasm
Double membrane
Inner membrane has many folds called cristae
“Powerhouse” of cell
JOB: transfers energy to ATP, breaks apart chromosomes
Contains enzymes for cell respiration
cytoplasm
Inside cell membrane
Gelatin-like fluid (cytosol)
Contains dissolved salts, minerals, and organic compounds
Cushions organelles
Gives shape to cells
ribosomes
Found in cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum
Composed of proteins and RNA
Organizes the synthesis of proteins
Made in the nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
Found in the cytoplasm
Network of canals extending from nuclear membrane to plasma membrane
Rough: processes and transports proteins
Contains ribosomes
Smooth: processes and transports carbohydrates and lipids
Doesn’t contain ribosomes
golgi apparatus
Found in cytoplasm
Stack of flattened sacs
JOB: modifies cellular products and prepares them for export
Lysosomes are vesicles that bud off of the Golgi Apparatus
CIS face is facing ER, TRANS face is side facing the cell membrane
peroxisomes
Similar to lysosomes but not produced by golgi apparatus
FUNCTION: detoxification (i.e. alcohol) also breaks down fatty acids for energy
lysosomes
Found in cytoplasm
Contain enzymes
Digest cell proteins and food in vesicles
Break down old organelles (autophagy)
Common in animal cells, rare in plant cells
cell wall
Outside cell membrane in plant cells
Composed of cellulose
JOB: gives plant cell strength + rigidity
Pores allow water, ions, and other molecules to enter or exit cell
Not regulatory
vacuole
Found in cytoplasm
Plant cells have a large central vacuole
Store water, enzymes metabolic waste, etc
Example: storage of poison for plant defense
what are chromatin
unwound chromosomes
