Macromolecules - general Flashcards
what are simple sugars?
monosaccharides, main source of quick energy for most organisms
what is an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?
Monosaccharide: glucose
disaccharide: sucrose
polysaccharide: starch
what are Carbohydrate monomers
monosaccharides
what is dehydration synthesis?
the chemical process used to join monomers to make polymers
what are protein monomers
amino acids
what are lipid monomers
glycerol and three fatty acids
What are some examples of protein?
keratin, muscles, meat, hemoglobin, collagen
examples of lipids
Waxy cuticle of plants, oils, butter, phospholipids
what are Saturated fats?
No double bond between each carbon atom, solid at room temperature. full of hydrogen atoms and usually from animal product
what is a peptide bond?
chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
what are unsaturated fats?
at least one double bond between carbon atoms, liquid at room temperature
what is the primary structure of proteins?
sequence of amino acids
what is the secondary structure of protein?
alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
what is denaturization?
a process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function
what causes denaturization?
changes in salt concentration or pH levels or by high temperature
what is cholesterol?
a lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
what are polyunsaturated fats?
triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids have two or more points of unsaturation
what are anabolic steroids?
performance-enhancing
what are hydrogenated fats?
add hydrogen to liquid unsaturated fats to make them solid saturated fats
what are phospholipids?
a lipid consisting of glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
what is an enzyme?
a protein that makes reactions happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction
what is glucose?
a simple sugar that is an important source of energy
what is a carboxyl group?
-COOH (Carbon + OH + double bonded oxygen ) organic acids contain this functional group
what is an Amino group?
a functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms
what is an organic compound?
a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon
