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Biology > Macromolecules - general > Flashcards

Macromolecules - general Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are simple sugars?

A

monosaccharides, main source of quick energy for most organisms

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2
Q

what is an example of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?

A

Monosaccharide: glucose
disaccharide: sucrose
polysaccharide: starch

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3
Q

what are Carbohydrate monomers

A

monosaccharides

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4
Q

what is dehydration synthesis?

A

the chemical process used to join monomers to make polymers

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4
Q

what are protein monomers

A

amino acids

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5
Q

what are lipid monomers

A

glycerol and three fatty acids

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6
Q

What are some examples of protein?

A

keratin, muscles, meat, hemoglobin, collagen

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7
Q

examples of lipids

A

Waxy cuticle of plants, oils, butter, phospholipids

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8
Q

what are Saturated fats?

A

No double bond between each carbon atom, solid at room temperature. full of hydrogen atoms and usually from animal product

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9
Q

what is a peptide bond?

A

chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

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10
Q

what are unsaturated fats?

A

at least one double bond between carbon atoms, liquid at room temperature

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11
Q

what is the primary structure of proteins?

A

sequence of amino acids

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12
Q

what is the secondary structure of protein?

A

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

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13
Q

what is denaturization?

A

a process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function

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14
Q

what causes denaturization?

A

changes in salt concentration or pH levels or by high temperature

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15
Q

what is cholesterol?

A

a lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for synthesis of other biologically important steroids.

15
Q

what are polyunsaturated fats?

A

triglycerides in which most of the fatty acids have two or more points of unsaturation

15
Q

what are anabolic steroids?

A

performance-enhancing

16
Q

what are hydrogenated fats?

A

add hydrogen to liquid unsaturated fats to make them solid saturated fats

16
Q

what are phospholipids?

A

a lipid consisting of glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

17
Q

what is an enzyme?

A

a protein that makes reactions happen QUICKER; decreases activation energy of a reaction

18
Q

what is glucose?

A

a simple sugar that is an important source of energy

19
Q

what is a carboxyl group?

A

-COOH (Carbon + OH + double bonded oxygen ) organic acids contain this functional group

20
Q

what is an Amino group?

A

a functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms

21
Q

what is an organic compound?

A

a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon

Biology (13 decks)

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