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Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a habitat

A

has specific characteristics that an organism needs to survive

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2
Q

what happens if the characteristics of a habitat change?

A

the habitat changes and the animals in the habitat either adapt or die

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2
Q

what is a niche

A

a niche is a specific role or way of life of an organism within its environment

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of a habitat

A

water
sunlight
shade
temp
pH
food source

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3
Q

what does a niche include

A

ranges of conditions an organism can tolerate
resources an organism uses
methods used to obtain those resources
number of offspring/time of reproduction

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4
Q

examples of population dynamics

A

birth rate
death rate
life expectancy
emigration (leaving/going to somewhere else)
immigration (arriving/coming from somewhere else)

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4
Q

what are population dynamics?

A

populations change in size and composition over time

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4
Q

what are the 8 major biomes

A

tropical rainforest
grasslands
deserts
deciduous
tundra
taiga
chaparral
savanna
alpine

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5
Q

tropical rainforest characteristics

A

near equator
stable temperature
abundant rainfall
wet/dry season

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6
Q

grasslands characteristics

A

interior of continents
rich fertile soil
too dry to support trees
support large herds of grazing animals

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7
Q

desert characteristics

A

very little rainfall and vegetation

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7
Q

deciduous forest characteristics

A

tree species shed leaves each year
distict seasons
moderate climate
precipitation unevenly distributed

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7
Q

tundra characteristics

A

cold
characterized by permafrost
no trees
very little percipitation

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8
Q

taiga characteristics

A

long winters with snow
nutrient poor soil
typical mammals include moose

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8
Q

chaparral

A

mild rainy winters
hot dry summers
periodic fires
found primarily in costal regions
dominated by dense spiny shrubs

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8
Q

savanna

A

tropical or temperate grasslands
support large numbers of herbivores
most commonly in africa
alternating wet and dry seasons
prolonged periods of drought

9
Q

what are the two aquatic biomes

A

marine and freshwater/wetlands

10
Q

what is an estuary

A

occurs when freshwater rivers and streams flow into the sea

11
Q

steps to the water cycle

A

evaporation
evapotranspiration
condensation
precipitation

12
Q

evaporation

A

adds water to the atmosphere from bodies of water, the soil and from living things

13
Q

evapotranspiration

A

plants take in water at their roots, and they release water (and take in CO2) through their leaves

14
Q

condensation

A

particles in the water vapour slow down and cool off, resulting in them becoming water droplets. these water droplets group together to from clouds

14
Q

precipitation

A

water leaves atmosphere and falls to earth (amount depends on temp and air pressure)

15
Q

nitrogen cycle steps

A

nitrogen fixation
nitrification
assimilation
dentrification

16
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

bacteria in soil and roots
conversion of N2 gas to ammonia

17
Q

nitrification

A

ammonia to nitrate, another usable form

18
Q

assimilation

A

roots absorb nitrate or ammonia

19
Q

dentrification

A

bacteria convert nitrate to N2 to the atmosphere

19
Q

main producer in grassland biomes

A

grasses

20
Q

describe deciduous forest biome

A

dominated by broad leaved trees that losetheir leaves in the fall. rich soils, four seasons.

21
Q

what biome has the highest net primary productivity

A

tropical rainforest

21
Q

what organisms are decomposers

A

bacteria, fungi

21
Q

what is the neritic zone

A

most productive zone in the ocean. shallow enough for photosynthesis

Biology (13 decks)

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