PROTEINS Flashcards
are naturally occurring UNBRANCHED POLYMER in which the monomer units are amino acids
proteins
is a PEPTIDE in which at least 40 amino acid residues are present
proteins
is an amino acid in which the amino group and the carboxyl group are ATTACHED TO THE A-CARBON ATOM
a-amino acid
the BUILDING BLOCK OF PROTEINS
amino acid
an amino acid that contains ONE AMINO GROUP, ONE CARBOXYL GROUP, AND A NONPOLAR SIDE CHAIN
nonpolar amino acid
is an amino acid that contains ONE AMINO GROUP, ONE CARBOXYL GROUP, AND A SIDE CHAIN THAT IS POLAR BUT NEUTRAL
polar neutral amino acid
is an amino acid that contains TWO AMINO GROUPS AND ONE CARBOXYL GROUP, the second amino group being part of the side chain
polar basic amino acid
is an amino acid that contains ONE AMINO GROUP AND TWO CARBOXYL GROUPS, the second carboxyl group being part of the side chain
polar acidic amino acid
is a standard amino acid NEEDED FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS that must be obtained from dietary sources
essential amino acid
it is SYNTHESIZED BY THE BODY
non-essential amino acid
occurs in people who have a SEVERE PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
kwashiorkor
symptoms of kwashiorkor
inability to grow or gain weight, edema, stomach bulging
occurs more often in YOUNG CHILDREN AND BABIES. It leads to dehydration and weight loss
marasmus
symptoms of marasmus
weight loss, dehydration, stomach shrinkage
found in CELL WALLS OF MANY BACTERIA
d-glutamic acid
found in EARTHWORMS
d-serine
one of the NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain
GABA
a constituent of the VITAMIN PANTOTHENIC ACID
b-alanine
means DOUBLE ION is a molecule that has a POSTIVE CHARGE ON ONE ATOM and a negative charge on another atom
zwitterion
the pH at which AN AMINO ACID EXISTS primarily in its zwitterion form
isoelectric point
a covalent bond between THE CARBOXYL GROUP OF ONE AMINO ACID and the amino group of another amino acid
peptide bond
is an UNBRANCHED CHAIN OF AMINO ACIDS, each joined to the next by a peptide bond
peptide
regulates UTERINE CONTRACTION AND LACTATION, plays a role in stimulating the flow of milk in a nursing mother
oxytocin
regulates the EXCRETION OF WATER by the kidneys
vasopressin
THE STRONGEST BOND
peptide bond
a COVALENT BOND BETWEEN 2 SULFUR
disulfide bond
result from the attraction of ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOMS IN THE PROTEIN MOLECULE
hydrogen bond
formed between groups which are POSITIVELY AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED
ionic bond
formed by AMINO ACIDS LIKE LECUINE, VALINE, PHENYLALANINE forming a MICELLE
hydrophobic bond
is a protein in which only ONE PEPTIDE CHAIN IS PRESENT
monomeric protein
is a protein in which MORE THAN ONE PEPTIDE CHAIN is present
multimeric protein
a protein in which ONLY AMINO ACID RESIDUES are present
simple protein
is a protein that has ONE OR MORE NON-AMINO ACID ENTITIES PRESENT in its structure in addition to one or more peptide chains
conjugated protein
