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BIOCHEM LEC FOR RBE > NUCLEIC ACID > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACID Flashcards

1
Q

BUILDING BLOCKS OF NUCLEIC ACID

A

nucleotides

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2
Q

what are the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA?

A

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

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3
Q

what machine was used to confirm the SHAPE OF THE DNA MOLECULE as double helix?

A

x-ray crystallography

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4
Q

who were the first scientist to determine the 3D STRUCTURE OF DNA?

A

james watson and francis crick

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5
Q

is common in the CYTOPLASM OF A CELL

A

RNA

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6
Q

ACTS AS MESSENGER, carrying information from the DNA towards cytoplasm where proteins are synthesized

A

RNA

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7
Q

this proposed flow of genetic information from DNA TO RNA TO PROTEIN is the basis of what we now called

A

central dogma

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8
Q

it ACTS AS AN ADAPTOR

A

transfer RNA

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9
Q

is a procedure used to ISOLATE DNA FROM THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS

A

DNA extraction

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10
Q

it is usually performed to OBTAIN A RELATIVELY PURE FORM OF DNA that can be used for further investigations

A

DNA extraction

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11
Q

INCREASES THE SURFACE AREA for the extraction process. The larger the surface area, the faster the extraction procedure

A

mashing

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12
Q

membrane lipids are REMOVED IN THE SAMPLE by adding a DETERGENT

A

lysis of cells

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13
Q

it helps the DNA strands to STICK TO EACH OTHER, it also causes proteins and carbohydrates to PRECIPITATE

A

addition of saline solution

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14
Q

DNA is INSOLUBLE IN ALCOHOLS, usually with ethanol or isopropanol. Draws water molecule away from DNA, causing it to collapse and precipitate

A

addition of cold alcohol

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15
Q

the isolated DNA appears like a WHITE MUCUS

A

isolate the DNA from the solution

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16
Q

are either PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENT that permanently changes genetic material, usually the DNA

A

mutagens

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17
Q

is a CHANGE IN A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE BASE on the m-RNA chain

A

point mutation

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18
Q

NO CHANGE IN AMINO ACID SEQUENCE specified by codons

A

silent mutation

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19
Q

CHANGE IN AMINO ACID SEQUENCE specified by codons

20
Q

SHORTENED AMINO ACID SEQUENCE due to substitution causing a stop codon to form somewhere in the mRNA

A

nonsense mutation

21
Q

ADDITION/DELETION of nucleotide resulting in codon frameshift

A

frameshift mutation

22
Q

INVOLVE LARGE REGIONS OF CHROMOSOMES and can be divided into four categories; deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation

A

chromosomal mutation

23
Q

DNA is found in the
cytoplasm of prokaryotic
cells

A

PROKARYOTIC DNA

24
Q

DNA is found in the nucleus
of the cell

A

EUKARYOTIC DNA

25
Q

cut the phosphodiester
backbone of one strand of DNA

A

Class I topoisomerases

26
Q

cut both strands of DNA,
pass some of the remaining DNA helix

A

Class II topoisomerase

27
Q

Enzymes that are involved in changing
the supercoiled state of DNA.

A

TOPOISOMERASE

28
Q

is a bacterial topoisomerase that
introduces negative supercoils into DNA.

A

DNA gyrase

29
Q

a complex of DNA and protein found in
eukaryotic nuclei

30
Q

basic proteins found complexed to
eukaryotic DNA

31
Q

a globular structure in chromatin in which
DNA is wrapped around an aggregate of histone
molecules

A

nucleosome

32
Q

is an individual DNA molecule bound to a group of proteins.

A

chromosomes

33
Q

are strands of DNA in a double helix with base pairing such that each
base is located opposite its complementary base.

A

Complementary DNA strands

34
Q

Purine and pyrimidine bases are what in nature?

A

hydrophobic

35
Q

ANTICANCER DRUGS THAT INHIBITS DNA SYNTHESIS

A

ANTIMETABOLITES

36
Q

formed directly by DNA transcription

A

Heterogenous nuclear RNA

37
Q

facilitates the conversion of heterogeneous nuclear RNA

A

Small nuclear RNA

38
Q

carries instructions for protein synthesis

A

Messenger RNA

39
Q

combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

40
Q

delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA

41
Q

delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA

42
Q

is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of hnRNA/mRNA molecules

A

Transcription

43
Q

is a segment of a DNA strand that contains the base sequence for the production of a specific hnRNA/mRNA molecule.

44
Q

all of the genetic material (the total DNA) contained in the
chromosomes of an organism.

45
Q

unwinding of DNA double
helix done by______ not by DNA helicase

A

RNA polymerase

46
Q

is the process by which mRNA codons are deciphered

A

translation

BIOCHEM LEC FOR RBE (9 decks)

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