ENZYMES

Question 1

is a compound or BIOLOGICAL POLYMER, usually a protein, that acts as a CATALYST for a biochemical reaction

Answer 1

enzymes

Question 2

enzymes that require a METAL ION COFACTOR are termed

Answer 2

metal-activated enzymes

Question 3

for which metal ions serve as PROSTHETIC GROUPS

Answer 3

metalloenzymes

Question 4

an enzyme that catalyzes an OXIDATION-REDUCTION reaction

Answer 4

oxidoreductase

Question 5

“BROWNING REACTION” caused by PHENOLASE a conjugated enzyme in which copper is present

Answer 5

oxidoreductase

Question 6

is an enzyme that catalyzes the TRANSER OF A FUNTIONAL GROUP other than hydrogen

Answer 6

transferases

Question 7

is an enzyme that catalyzed a HYDROLYSIS REACTION in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break

Answer 7

hydrolase

Question 8

is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the REMOVAL OF A GROUP to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve hydrolysis

Answer 8

lyase

Question 9

an enzyme that catalyzes the ISOMERIZATION converting it into a molecule isomeric with itself

Answer 9

isomerase

Question 10

an enzyme that catalyzes the BONDING TOGETHER OF TWO MOLECULES INTO ONE with the participation of ATP.

Answer 10

ligase

Question 11

the RELATIVELY SMALL PART of an enzyme’s structure that is involved in catalysis

Answer 11

enzyme active site

Question 12

usually a CREVICELIKE location the enzyme

Answer 12

enzyme active site

Question 13

the INTERMEDIATE REACTION SPECIES that is formed when the substrate bind to the active site of an enzyme

Answer 13

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 14

only a substrate whose SHAPE AND CHEMICAL NATURE ARE COMPLEMENTARY to those of the active site can interact with the enzyme

Answer 14

lock-and-key model

Question 15

is a result of the ENZYME’S FLEXIBILITY

Answer 15

induced-fit model

Question 16

the extent to which an enzyme’s activity is RESTRICTED TO A SPECIFIC SUBSTRATE, a specific group of substrates, a SPECIFIC TYPE OF CHEMICAL BOND

Answer 16

enzyme specificity

Question 17

enzyme will catalyze only ONE REACTION

Answer 17

absolute specificity

Question 18

the enzyme will act only on molecules that have a SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP

Answer 18

group specificity

Question 19

the enzyme will act on a PARTICULAR TYPE OF CHEMICAL BOND

Answer 19

linkage specificity

Question 20

some enzymes are specific to ONLY ONE ISOMER even if the compound is one type of molecule

Answer 20

stereochemical specificity

Question 21

is a microorganism that THRIVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS

Answer 21

extremophile

Question 22

is a MICROBIOAL ENZYME ACTIVE at conditions that would inactivate human enzymes as well as enzymes present in other types of higher organisms

Answer 22

extremozyme

Question 23

optimal growth at pH levels of 3.0 OR BELOW

Answer 23

acidophiles

Question 24

optimal growth at pH levels of 9.0 OR ABOVE

Answer 24

alkaliphiles

Question 25

a SALINITY that exceeds 0.2 M NaCl needed for growth

Answer 25

halophiles

Question 26

a temperature between 80°C and 122°C needed to thrive

Answer 26

hypothermophiles

Question 27

a temperature of 15°C OR LOWER needed for growth

Answer 27

cryophiles

Question 28

a HIGH HYDROSTATIC pressure needed for growth

Answer 28

piezophiles

Question 29

a BACTERIUM that can function in the HIGHLY ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT of the stomach

Answer 29

H. pylori

Question 30

3 types of ENZYME INHIBITION

Answer 30

competitive, noncompetitive. irreversible enzyme inhibitor

Question 31

a molecule CLOSELY RESEMBLING THE SUBSTRATE, binds to the active site and temporarily prevents substrates

Answer 31

competitive enzyme inhibitor

Question 32

a MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO A SITE on an enzyme that is not the active site

Answer 32

noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor

Question 33

a MOLECULE THAT FORMS A COVALENT BOND to a part of the active site

Answer 33

irreversible enzyme inhibitor

Question 34

means “OTHER,” in greek

Answer 34

allo

Question 35

means SITE OR SPACE

Answer 35

stereos

Question 36

an enzyme WITH TWO OR MORE PROTEIN CHAINS and two kind of binding sites

Answer 36

allosteric enzymes

Question 37

substances that BIND AT REGUALTORY SITES of allosteric enzymes

Answer 37

regulators

Question 38

INCREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY; the shape of the active site is changed such hat it can more readily accept substrate

Answer 38

positive regulator

Question 39

DECREASES ENZYME ACTIVITY; changes to the active site are such that substrates is less readily accepted

Answer 39

negative regulator

Question 40

an enzyme that catalyzes the BREAKING OF PEPTIDE BONDS that maintain the primary structure of a protein

Answer 40

proteolytic enzyme

Question 41

is the INACTIVE PRECURSOR of a proteolytic enzyme

Answer 41

zymogen

Question 42

an enzyme that catalyzes the FORMATION OF PEPTIDE CROSS LINKS between polysaccharide strands in bacterial cell walls

Answer 42

transpeptidase

Question 43

an enzyme which PROTECTS BACTERIA from penicillin

Answer 43

penicillinase

Question 44

is an enzyme that is found primarily in SKELETAL AND CARDIAC MUSLCE and in smaller fractions in the brain

Answer 44

creatine kinase

Question 45

considered a SPECIFIC MARKER for liver disease

Answer 45

alanine aminotransferase

Question 46

for DIAGNOSIS of liver disease

Answer 46

aspartate aminotransferase

Question 47

an enzyme found in the LIVER, KIDNEY, AND PANCREAS

Answer 47

g-glutamyl transpeptidase

Question 48

enzyme involved in the INTERCONVERSION OF LACTATE AND PYRUVATE

Answer 48

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 49

enzyme that aids in the DIGESTION OF FAT.

Answer 49

lipase

Question 50

enzyme that aids in DIGESTION BY BREAKING DOWN complex carbohydrates into simple sugars

Answer 50

amylase

Question 51

a group of enzymes, which HYDROLYZE PHOSPHATE ESTERS at an alkaline pH

Answer 51

alkaline phosphates

Question 52

catalyze the hydrolysis of VARIOUS PHOSPHATE ESTERS at acidic pH

Answer 52

acid phosphate