Proteins

Question 1

What is the function of the protein?

Answer 1

• Give you your structure
• Hold body together
• Direct metabolic functions

Question 2

Are proteins monomers or polymers?

Answer 2

Polymers

Question 3

What is the monomer of the protein?

Answer 3

Amino acid

Question 4

How many sets of amino acids do living things have?

Answer 4

20

Question 5

What is the basic structure of the amino acid?

Answer 5

• central carbon with 4 functional groups
  1. amino group (H2N)
  2. carboxyl group
  3. hydrogen
  4. “R” variable group

Question 6

What does the R group determine?

Answer 6

1. Identity of amino acid
2. Physical properties (size and shape)
3. Chemical properties (polarity, pH level)

Question 7

Define ligament

Answer 7

Connect bone to bone

Question 8

Define tendons

Answer 8

Connect muscle to bone

Question 9

What are protein markers?

Answer 9

Proteins in the cell that mark your cells as being yours

Question 10

What charges do amino acids have?

Answer 10

They can be non-polar, polar, or charged

Question 11

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 11

Proteins act as enzymes which are catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

Question 12

What is the function of structural support?

Answer 12

Ligaments and tendons allow you to stand. These proteins give your body its structure.

Question 13

What is the function of motile?

Answer 13

Proteins will allow you to move- muscles will contract and move parts of your body

Question 14

What is the function of carriers? An example?

Answer 14

Proteins will carry or transport materials throughout the body. Ex. Hemoglobin to carry O2

Question 15

What is the function of recognition?

Answer 15

Special proteins markers occur on all of your cells which tell the immune system that the cell is yours and belongs

Question 16

What is the function of defensive proteins?

Answer 16

Proteins called antibodies will recognize and attack foreign invaders such as viruses or bacteria

Question 17

What is the polymer of proteins?

Answer 17

Polypeptide

Question 18

Define a polypeptide chain?

Answer 18

Linear chain composed of amino acids covalently bonded to each other

Question 19

What is the condensation reaction in proteins

Answer 19

Removal of water molecule as two amino acids are joined

Question 20

Where does the bond take place in the amino acid?

Answer 20

Between the amino group of one acid and the carboxylic group of the other

Question 21

Define a peptide bond

Answer 21

Covalent bond between amino acids

- bond between primary structure

Question 22

What determines the function of a protein?

Answer 22

The sequence of amino acids

Question 23

What happens when there is failure to achieve the proper conformation?

Answer 23

Non- functioning protein

Question 24

How many levels/ structures does a protein have?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

What is the conformation of proteins a result of?

Answer 25

Structural levels of protein and sequence of amino acids

Question 26

What is the primary level of a protein?

Answer 26

The specific sequence of amino acids joined together

- determined by gene in protein

Question 27

What are on the ends of a primary structure?

Answer 27

Amino group and carboxylic acid

Question 28

What does the sequence of the primary structure determine?

Answer 28

How the secondary and tertiary levels form

Question 29

What is the secondary level/ structure?

Answer 29

Defined as the way the polypeptide chain is coiled and folded upon itself

Question 30

What are the two types of secondary structures?

Answer 30

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

Question 31

What are protein conformations held by in a secondary structure?

Answer 31

Hydrogen bonds

Question 32

What are the secondary structures dependent on?

Answer 32

The amino acid in the section

Question 33

Define an alpha helix

Answer 33

• Polypeptide chain is coiled
• Hydrogen bonds between every 4th amino acid
• Found in hair and horns

Question 34

Define a beta plated sheet

Answer 34

• chain folded back with regions of chain parallel to itself

- found in spider silk

Question 35

Define the tertiary level

Answer 35

The overall 3D structure of a polypeptide.

Question 36

What creates a fold?

Answer 36

R groups from 2 amino acids bonding

Question 37

What are the forces holding tertiary conformation?

Answer 37

1. hydrogen bonds
2. ionic bonds
3. hydrophobic interactions (of two nonpolar R groups will clump)
4. Disulfide bonds

Question 38

Define the quaternary level/ structure

Answer 38

Found only in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain

- not all proteins have them

Question 39

Define denaturation

Answer 39

Loss of conformation

- unfolding of tertiary and secondary structures

Question 40

What happens when a protein is denatured?

Answer 40

It becomes non- functional

Question 41

What causes denaturation in protein?

Answer 41

1. high temperature
2. pH that is too high or too low
3. high salt concentration
4. solvent (ex. alchohol)

Question 42

What happens if you destroy the primary structure of the protein?

Answer 42

The protein is destroyed

Question 43

Define polypeptide

Answer 43

Strand of 3+ amino acids

Question 44

How does a protein differ from a polypeptide?

Answer 44

A protein can contain more than one polypeptide and takes on 3D shapes

Question 45

What gives proteins acidic properties?

Answer 45

The carboxyl group attached

Question 46

Where does a peptide bond form?

Answer 46

Between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another through dehydration synthesis

• OH removed from carboxyl group
• H removed from amino group
• bond formed between carbon and nitrogen

Question 47

What is the tertiary structure due to?

Answer 47

Primarily due to the interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein.