Lipids

Question 1

Which elements do lipids have a lot of?

Answer 1

Carbons and hydrogens

Question 2

Are lipids polar or non- polar?

Answer 2

Non- polar (hydrophobic)

Question 3

Are lipids polymers?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What are the three groups of lipids?

Answer 4

• fats
• phospholipids
• steroids

Question 5

What is the basic structure of fats and oils?

Answer 5

Triglyceride

Question 6

What is the purpose of fatty acids and triglyceride?

Answer 6

Energy reserve for animals (energy storage molecules) and make up cell membrane

Question 7

What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?

Answer 7

• 1 glycerol

- 3 fatty acids

Question 8

What is a glycerol?

Answer 8

A 3 carbon alcohol

Question 9

What is a fatty acid?

Answer 9

A molecule that consists of a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxylic acid attached to one end

Question 10

What is an essential nutrient?

Answer 10

One that the body cannot produce naturally- has to be received from food

Question 11

How do the 3 fatty acids and glycerol form?

Answer 11

Through a condensation reaction

- removal of one H2O molecule for each fatty acid joined

Question 12

What are the two types of fat?

Answer 12

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 13

What is a saturated fat? Give example

Answer 13

• solid at room temp
• straight fatty acid chain
• has no room for more hydrogen bonds
• no double bonds between carbons in hydrocarbon
• most animal fats
• unhealthier
• molecules tightly packed
• butter, lard, margarine

Question 14

Define an unsaturated fat

Answer 14

• liquid at room temp
• there are double bonds between carbons in chain
• most plant oils
• bent/ kinked fatty acid chains
• can bond to more hydrogens
• healthier
• molecules more spread apart

Question 15

Why are unsaturated fats liquids?

Answer 15

The double bonds create kinks in the carbon skeleton which prevent them from packing together tightly and solidifying at room temp

Question 16

What types of fats are saturated?

Answer 16

Animal fats

Question 17

What types of fats are unsaturated?

Answer 17

Plant oils

Question 18

Why are fats needed in diet?

Answer 18

• needed for hair and skin
• part of phospholipids in membranes of the cell
• necessary for absorption of fat soluble vitamins

Question 19

Why are unsaturated fats healthier?

Answer 19

They will not clog your arteries- liquid due to the loose packing of the molecules

Question 20

What is the purpose of phospholipids?

Answer 20

They make up the cell membrane by surrounding and protecting internal cell components

Question 21

Are phospholipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 21

Hydrophobic

Question 22

What makes up a phospholipid?

Answer 22

A charged hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

Question 23

What happens in a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 23

The polar heads are oriented towards the aqueous areas and the non-polar fatty acid tails form a non-polar lipid barrier between inside and outside of cell where there is no water

Question 24

What is the basic structure of a phospholipid?

Answer 24

• 1 molecule of glycerol
• 2 fatty acids
• 1 phosphate group

Question 25

What is the structure of a steroid?

Answer 25

4 fused rings- sterol backbone

found in all steroid compounds

Question 26

What creates variation in steroids?

Answer 26

The functional groups attached

Question 27

What are examples of steroids?

Answer 27

• sex hormones (testosterone in male and estrogen and progesterone in females)
• corticosteroid and adrenal
• vitamin D
• bile salt

Question 28

What type of tails does a phospholipid contain?

Answer 28

Saturated and unsaturated