Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid

Question 2

Are nucleic acids monomers or polymers

Answer 2

Polymers

Question 3

Are nucleic acids long or short?

Answer 3

Long

Question 4

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

Basic structure of nucleotide?

Answer 5

1) 5 carbon sugar
2) phosphate group
3) nitrogen base

Question 6

What is the phosphate group attached to?

Answer 6

Carbon 5 of the sugar

Question 7

What is the nitrogenous base attached to?

Answer 7

The carbon 1 of the sugar

Question 8

Where is carbon 5 located?

Answer 8

Outside the ring

Question 9

What happen to the 3 phosphate groups when added to DNA or RNA

Answer 9

Two leave and one is remaining

Question 10

What is identical in a nucleic acid? Different?

Answer 10

Phosphate group and sugar

- nitrogen base is different

Question 11

How to identify DNA from RNA on carbon 2?

Answer 11

DNA has H attached

RNA has OH attached

Question 12

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 12

Pyrimidines and purines

Question 13

What is common for pyrimidines?

Answer 13

Have single rings

Question 14

What is common for purines?

Answer 14

Have double rings

Question 15

Which bases are in purines?

Answer 15

Adenine and guanine

Question 16

What bases are in pyrimidines?

Answer 16

Thymine, cytosine and uracil

Question 17

Which nitrogen bases does DNA have?

Answer 17

Thymine, cytosine, adenine and guanine

Question 18

Which nitrogen bases does RNA have?

Answer 18

Uracil, cytosine, adenine, guanine

Question 19

Why can’t guanine bond with thymine?

Answer 19

Will not produce hydrogen

Question 20

Why can’t cytosine and thymine bond?

Answer 20

Both single rings

Question 21

Why can’t guanine and adenine bond together?

Answer 21

Too big to bond

Question 22

Why can’t cytosine and adenine bond?

Answer 22

Cannot hydrogen bond

Question 23

Where are the phosphates attached in the top strand?

Answer 23

3’ to 5’

Question 24

Where are the phosphates attached in the bottom strand?

Answer 24

5’ to 3’

Question 25

What is DNA made of?

Answer 25

2 polymer strands (chains)

- double stranded and bonded to each other at the bases

Question 26

How do the strands run in DNA?

Answer 26

In opposite directions (flipped)

Question 27

What is cytosine bonded to and how?

Answer 27

Bonded to guanine with 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 28

What is thymine bonded to and how?

Answer 28

Bonded to adenine with 2 hydrogen bonds

Question 29

When is DNA denatured?

Answer 29

When the double strands separate

Question 30

Is the denaturation of DNA reversible?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What is a sugar- phosphate backbone?

Answer 31

Made of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules when nitrogen bases are omitted

Question 32

What does a sugar- phosphate backbone do?

Answer 32

Joins nucleotides between the phosphate group on one nucleotide and the sugar on the other nucleotide

Question 33

Define a phosphodiester bond

Answer 33

Bond between 2 nucleotides

- goes from a carbon 3 to a phosphate bond on the carbon 5 to a CH2

Question 34

How to identify a DNA molecule

Answer 34

• H on carbon 2

- thymine present

Question 35

Identify RNA

Answer 35

• single stranded
• uracil instead of thymine
• OH at carbon 2

Question 36

What is DNA also known as?

Answer 36

Molecule of heredity

• double stranded
• double helix

Question 37

How are strands of DNA held together?

Answer 37

By hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases on opposite strands

Question 38

What is RNA required for?

Answer 38

For information in the genes in DNA to be transcribed and translated

Question 39

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 39

• stores hereditary/ genetic information (stored in the nucleotide sequence)

Question 40

Define codon

Answer 40

3 nucleotides long