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SBI4U- Biochemistry > Metabolic Processes > Flashcards

Metabolic Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Define hydrophobic interaction

A

Occurs when non-polar molecules clump together in water to shield themselves from water

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2
Q

Which substances will water dissolve

A

Substances with ionic or polar covalent bonds

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3
Q

Will water dissolve butter or oil?

A

No because they are non polar

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4
Q

What charge must a molecule have for water to dissolve it?

A

Must possess full or partial charges

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5
Q

Why do water molecules clump together?

A

They would rather bond to themselves (polar) and exclude the non- polar substance

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6
Q

What does it mean when a molecule is dissolved?

A

The ion or molecule has to be completely surrounded by water

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7
Q

Where are H-Bonds located?

A

Between the partial negative charge of the oxygen from one water molecule and the positive partial charge of the hydrogen of the other water molecule

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8
Q

How many water molecules one water molecule able to H-bond to?

A

4

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9
Q

Define cohesion

A

The ability of water to bond with itself

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10
Q

What does cohesion give rise to?

A

Surface tension

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11
Q

How is an insect walking on water an example of cohesion?

A

The H bonds in the water create a net to allow the insect to walk on the surface

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12
Q

How does cohesion create droplets?

A

The water wants to stick to itself and bond together

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13
Q

Define adhesion

A

The ability of water to bond to other polar or ionic substances

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14
Q

Examples of adhesion

A

Meniscus and hydrophilic interactions

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15
Q

Define meniscus

A

Curve at the top of the water when in a polar substance

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16
Q

Will water adhere to a glass or plastic tube?

A

Will adhere to glass wall because it’s polar- not attracted to plastic tube because it’s non polar (no meniscus)

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17
Q

From where is meniscus measured?

A

Bottom of the curve

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18
Q

Define macromolecules

A

Large, complex organic molecules of which living organisms are composed

19
Q

How do cells make macromolecules?

A

Dehydration synthesis

20
Q

Define monomer

A

Small molecules which are chemically joined to form the larger, more complex biological molecules called polymers (repeating units bonded together)

21
Q

Define polymer

A

Long chain of monomers joined chemically- large and complex molecules

22
Q

Are macromolecules monomers or polymers?

A

Polymers

23
Q

What happens to polymers during digestion?

A

They get broken down into monomers to obtain energy

24
Q

Define metabolism

A

The breaking down and building up of polymers

25
Q

Define catabolism

A

The breaking down of polymers

26
Q

Define anabolism

A

The building up of polymers

27
Q

Does catabolism require or take away water?

A

Requires water (add H2O)

28
Q

Does anabolism require or take away water?

A

Removes water (lose H2O)

29
Q

What is condensation?

A

The assembly of a polymer as each monomer is joined together to form the polymer chain- one H2O molecule is removed

30
Q

What is another name for condensation?

A

Dehydration synthesis

31
Q

What are two chemical reactions involved in the metabolic process?

A

Condensation (dehydration synthesis) and hydrolysis

32
Q

Define hydrolysis

A

Disassembly of large polymers back into monomers as one H2O molecule is added

33
Q

Is hydrolysis an example of catabolism or anabolism?

A

Catabolism

34
Q

What is hydrolysis a reverse of?

A

Dehydration synthesis

35
Q

Is dehydration synthesis an example of anabolism or catabolism?

A

Anabolism

36
Q

What is a hydroxyl? What major class is it?

A

A carbon bonded to an OH

-alcohol

37
Q

What is a carbonyl? What are the two types?

A

Carbon doubled bonded to oxygen

  • aldehyde
  • ketone
38
Q

Define aldehyde

A

Carbon double bonded to oxygen and attached to a hydrogen

39
Q

Define ketone

A

Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and attached to another carbon

40
Q

Define a functional group

A

A group of atoms that affects the function of a molecule by participating in chemical reactions

41
Q

What is a carboxyl group? What is the major class?

A

A carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl
- organic ACIDS

42
Q

What is an amino? What is the major class?

A

A carbon bonded to a NH2

- amino acids

43
Q

What is a phosphate? Major classes?

A

A carbon bonded to a PO4^2-

  • nucleotides
  • nucleic acids
  • other cellular molecules
44
Q

What is a sulfhydryl? Major class?

A

A carbon bonded to a SH

- many cellular molecules

SBI4U- Biochemistry (7 decks)

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