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Nutritional Biochemisty > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

0
Q

What is a peptide?

A

The family of molecules formed from the linking in a define order, of various amino acids

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1
Q

What is the major compound that makes up proteins?

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

What is the name of the bond that links to amino acids?

A

an amide bond or a peptide bond

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3
Q

What is a Polypeptide?

A

A group of amino acids bonded together from a few to 100 or more

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4
Q

What is an Oligopeptide?

A

A peptide of a small numbered chain of amino acid from 30-50 long

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5
Q

What is a depeptide?

A

A peptide of two amino acids in length with a hydrogen present

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6
Q

Where does amino acid absorption occur?

A

along the entire small intestine

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7
Q

How are amino acids transported across the brush boarder?

A

via Sodium dependent system

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8
Q

What influences the affinity of an amino acid to a carrier?

A

the hydrocarbon mass of its side chain and negative charge

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9
Q

Which are absorbed faster, branched chain aa, or smaller aa?

A

Branched chain

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10
Q

Which is absorbed fastest, neutral, basic or acidic aa?

A

neutral aa

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11
Q

Which are absorbed faster, essential or non-essential aa?

A

Essential

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12
Q

What aa are the slowest to be absorbed?

A

dicarboxylic (acidic) aa, such as Glutamate and aspartate

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13
Q

How are peptides transported?

A

via PEPT 1, which is associated with co-movement of protons

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14
Q

What type of transport is used to get amino acids across the basolateral border?

A

Sodium-independent transport, however sodium-dependent pathways are used when the concentration of aa in the gut are low

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15
Q

What are the main uses of amino acids?

A

1) Energy
2) Synthesis of; Apoproteins or lipoprotein formation, new digestive enzymes, hormones, and nitrogen-containing compounds

16
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down peptide within the enterocyte?

A

protease

17
Q

break down of peptides, also called hydrolysis also occurs where else in the body?

A

in the plasma membrane in the liver, kidney, muscles or the cytosol of cells.

18
Q

What carrier systems are used to transport amino acids into the liver?

A

1) Diffusion
2) Sodium dependent nitrogen system= Gluatmine, histidine
3) Hormones and cytokines such as interkluin-1 and TNF-alpha
4) System A induces glycagon and provides aa substrates for gluconeogenesis
5) System Gly is sodium dependent for glyceine

19
Q

What carrier systems are used for the transport of aa into the kidneys?

A

1) Diffusion

2) y-glutamyl cycle (glutathione is the carrier)

20
Q

What is the concentration of total protein in plasma?

A

7.5g/gL, which are mostly glycoproteins, simple proteins and lipoprotiens

21
Q

What are the 5 plasma proteins and there functions?

A

1) Albumin- maintains oncotic pressure, and transports nutrients such as B6, zinc, calcium, copper, fatty acids, and drugs and hormones
2) Transthyretin- prelbumin
3) Retinol-binding protein- vitamin A and thyroid hormone transport.
4) Blood clotting proteins
5) Globulins

22
Q

What are all the Globulins?

A

1) alpha 1 globulins- various glycoproteins and HDL’s
2) alpha 2 globulins- various glycoproteins, haptoglobin for free hemoglobin transport…
3) B- globulins- transferrin for ion and other mineral transport and LDL’s.
4) y- globulins- immunoglobulins or antibodies

23
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A 
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Typtophan
Valine
24
Q

What are the semi-essential amino acids?

A

Arginine

Histidine

25
Q

Name four essential an four non-essential amino acids?

A

Essential: Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, Tryptophan

Non-essentia: Glutamine, Arganine, Serine, Glycine

26
Q

What are the 5 Nitrogen containing non-protein compounds that are synthesised in the liver?

A 
Glutathione
Carnitine
Creatine
Carosine
Choline
27
Q

What aa make up Glutathione?

A

Cysteine, glycine, glutamate

28
Q

What aa make up Carnitine?

A

Lysine, methionine

29
Q

What aa make up creatine?

A

Arginine, glycine, methionine

30
Q

What aa make up carnosine?

A

Histidine, B-alanine

31
Q

What aa make up Choline?

A

Serine

Nutritional Biochemisty (9 decks)

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