Protein Translation and Mutations

Question 1

The process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Answer 1

TRANSLATION

Question 2

It is the unit used for sedimentation coefficients and is indirect
measure of particle size

Answer 2

Svedberg unit

Question 3

Svedberg unit of Large subunit and small subunit

Answer 3

60s Large
40s Small

Question 4

What are the steps in translation

Answer 4

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 5

Each tRNA has a triplet called an _________ that complements a codon on mRNA.

Answer 5

anticodon

Question 6

it is cloverleaf shaped

Answer 6

tRNA

Question 7

An error in base sequence reproduced during DNA replication.

Answer 7

MUTATIONS

Question 8

Errors in genetic information is passed on
during ______________

Answer 8

transcription.

Question 9

Type of mutation that arises naturally
and not as a result of exposure to mutagens

Answer 9

SPONTANEOUS MUTATION

Question 10

It occurs due to error in DNA replication,
depurination, deamination and transposable
genetic elements

Answer 10

SPONTANEOUS MUTATION

Question 11

Type of mutation that is produced by treatment with a physical or chemical agent (mutagens) that affects the DNA

Answer 11

INDUCED MUTATION

Question 12

It occurs due to the incorporation of base
analogs, base mispairing and base damage

Answer 12

INDUCED MUTATION

Question 13

What is the cause of mutations?

Answer 13

mutagens

Question 14

These are substances or agents that causes a change in the structure of a gene, i.e., radiation or chemical

Answer 14

mutagens

Question 15

Mutation: Purine replaces another purine
Pyrimidine replaces another Pyrimidine

Answer 15

Transitional Mutation

Question 16

Mutation: Purine replaces pyrimidine or vice
versa

Answer 16

Transversional Mutation

Question 17

Mutation: Codon containing the changed base results to the same amino acid

Answer 17

SILENCE

Question 18

Mutation: Codon containing the changed base results to a different amino acid

Answer 18

MISSENSE

Question 19

Mutation: Codon containing the changed base results to a STOP CODON

Answer 19

NONSENSE

Question 20

Where one or more bases is added or removed and can be caused by an aromatic compound inserting between bases in stacked DNA.

Answer 20

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

Question 21

Condition where Inability to repair tissue damage No exonuclease

Answer 21

Xeroderma Pigmentosa

Question 22

Condition where MISSENSE Mutation
Valine replaces Glutamic acid

Answer 22

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 23

Condition where NONSENSE Mutation
Insufficient production of Hgb

Answer 23

Thalassemia

Question 24

Condition where Short stature, aplastic anemia
Induced by Mitomycin C

Answer 24

Fanconi’s Anemia

Question 25

Condition where Proximal Tubule is Impaired

Answer 25

Fanconi’s Syndrome

Question 26

Condition where deficiency in HGPRT (Hypoxanthine- guanine phosphoribosyl transferase)

Answer 26

Lesch Nyhan Syndrome