Protein synthesis

Question 1

tRNA structure

Answer 1

see photo

Question 2

What does transcription do?

Answer 2

making messenger RNA from a DNA template

Question 3

Describe Transcription

Answer 3

DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the DNA helix, free RNA nucleotides base pair with the exposed DNA template strand producing mRNA (prokaryotes) and producing pre-mRNA which is then spliced into mRNA in (eukaryotes)

Question 4

What does translation do?

Answer 4

process of making proteins by forming a specific sequence of amino acids based on coded instructions in mRNA

Question 5

Describe Translation

step 1

Answer 5

RNA polymerase catalyses phosphodiester bonds between adjacent RNA nucleotides and the mRNA strand detaches, allowing the DNA helix to reform.

mRNA attaches to a ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum,

Question 6

describe translation

step 2

Answer 6

tRNA carries the corresponding amino acid to each codon on the mRNA one at a time,

with an enzyme catalysing the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids using ATP,

until a stop codon is reached and the peptide is released, folding into its tertiary structure.