Genetic Information Flashcards
1
Q
DNA in prokaryotic cells
A
DNA molecules are short, circular and not associated with proteins.
2
Q
DNA in eukaryotic cells
A
- the nucleus contains very long, linear DNA molecules associated with proteins, called histones.
- Together a histone and DNA molecule form a chromosome.
- mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells also contain DNA which, [like the DNA of prokaryotes], is short, circular and not associated with protein.
3
Q
What is the genome?
A
the full set of DNA found in an organism
4
Q
What is the proteasome?
A
the full range of proteins that can be synthesised from the genome.
5
Q
What is a gene?
A
a section of DNA that code for polypeptides and
functional RNA and are located at a fixed locus on a DNA molecule
6
Q
What is a codon?
A
A sequence of three DNA bases
7
Q
What do codons do?
A
codes for a specific amino acid
8
Q
The genetic code is …
A
universal, non-overlapping and degenerate.
9
Q
What does eukaryotic nuclear DNA code for?
A
sections of the nuclear DNA do not code for polypeptides (introns) but instead code for Exons (are sections of DNA that code for amino acid sequences)
