Kidney failure

Question 1

How is kidney failure diagnised?

Answer 1

by measuring the glomerular

filtration rate, which is the volume (cm3) of fluid passing into the nephrons every minute.

Question 2

Treatments of kidney failure

Answer 2

renal dialysis

Kidney transplant

Question 3

2 types of renal dialysis

Answer 3

Haemodialysis

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 4

Describe Haemodialysis

Answer 4

blood is removed and passed through a
machine containing an artificial dialysis membrane, which allows countercurrent substance exchange. Heparin stops blood clots

Question 5

Describe Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 5

dialysis fluid is inserted into the abdomen; exchange occurs across the peritoneum.

Question 6

Define dialysis

Answer 6

a mechanism utilised

to artificially regulate the concentrations of solutes in the blood

Question 7

Describe kidney transplants

Answer 7

can treat kidney failure but requires the use

of immunosuppressants because of the risk of rejection

Question 8

How do pregnancy tests work

Answer 8

detecting the hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in urine.
Coloured monoclonal antibodies complementary to hCG form a complex.
Which moves up the strip and binds to immobilised antibodies complementary to hCG resulting in the presence of a blue line, indicating pregnancy.