Protein Synthesis

Question 1

_____ for diabetic patients can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA processes

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

Answer 2

Termination

Question 3

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene

Answer 3

Deletion

Question 4

___ bonds form between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule

Answer 4

Hydrogen

Question 5

Unlike DNA, RNA is a _______-stranded molecule

Answer 5

Single

Question 6

The process of creating an mRNA strand from a DNA molecule

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

The shape of the DNA molecule

Answer 7

Double helix

Question 8

Something that can get DNA from one species into the cells of another species (e.g. a virus)

Answer 8

Vector

Question 9

Any factor which causes a mutation is called a _____

Answer 9

Mutagen

Question 10

A gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Answer 10

Substitution

Question 11

DNA and RNA are both types of _____ _____

Answer 11

Nucleic acids

Question 12

If a DNA strand read GATGGCTCA, the complementary DNA strand would read:

Answer 12

CTACCGAGT

Question 13

This type of RNA is used in the ribosome during protein synthesis

Answer 13

rRNA

Question 14

The process of DNA making copies of itself

Answer 14

Replication

Question 15

The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal unit is called _____

Answer 15

Initiation

Question 16

DNA is found in the _____ of eukaryotic cells

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

Many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time - this unit is called a _____

Answer 17

Polysome

Question 18

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

Answer 18

RNA polymerase

Question 19

A nitrogenous base with a double ring structure

Answer 19

Purine

Question 20

Proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

Answer 20

Histones

Question 21

The enzyme that “unzips” the DNA strand during replication

Answer 21

Helicase

Question 22

A DNA subunit made up of three components

Answer 22

Nucleotide

Question 23

The three letter sequence on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon

Answer 23

Anticodon

Question 24

This type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

Answer 24

tRNA

Question 25

Chromosomal ______ occur when entire portions of chromosomes are removed

Answer 25

Deletions

Question 26

A change to the base-pair sequence of a DNA molecule

Answer 26

Mutation

Question 27

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of a chromosome is "flipped"

Answer 27

Inversion

Question 28

Proteins are made up of chains of _____ _____ strung together

Answer 28

Amino acids

Question 29

This type of RNA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosomes

Answer 29

mRNA

Question 30

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a _____

Answer 30

Polymer

Question 31

Replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a _____-_______ process because each daughter strand contains half "old DNA" and half "new DNA"

Answer 31

Semi-conservative

Question 32

The reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to make a protein is called:

Answer 32

Translation

Question 33

UV light and X rays are examples of ______ mutagens

Answer 33

Radiation

Question 34

A _____ mutation affects only one gene

Answer 34

Gene

Question 35

HPV is an example of a _____ mutagen

Answer 35

Viral

Question 36

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

Answer 36

Addition

Question 37

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome

Answer 37

Translocation

Question 38

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA called:

Answer 38

Uracil

Question 39

A nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

Answer 39

Pyrimidine

Question 40

Completed proteins are sent to the _____ _____ for final processing and packaging

Answer 40

Golgi apparatus

Question 41

Benzene and dioxins are examples of _____ mutagens

Answer 41

Chemical

Question 42

A chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself

Answer 42

Duplication

Question 43

A mutagen that causes cancer is called a _____

Answer 43

Carcinogen

Question 44

_____ mutations occur in the gametes or early on in embryological development

Answer 44

Germinal

Question 45

____ bonds form between adjoining amino acids

Answer 45

Peptide

Question 46

The number of purine bases will always equal the number of pyramidine bases according to _____'s rule

Answer 46

Chargaff

Question 47

_____ base pairing means that only A will pair with T and only G will pair with C

Answer 47

Complementary

Question 48

The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for a ______ ______ to enter the ribosome

Answer 48

Release factor

Question 49

A small, circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

Answer 49

Plasmid

Question 50

A _____ mutation affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

Answer 50

Chromosomal

Question 51

Addition and deletion mutations can cause devastating effects because they cause a _____ _____ where all codons downstream of the mutation are altered

Answer 51

Frame shift

Question 52

The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication

Answer 52

DNA polymerase

Question 53

The second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called:

Answer 53

Elongation

Question 54

If the DNA strand read GATCCTAA, the mRNA strand transcribed from it would read:

Answer 54

CUAGGAUU

Question 55

Strong _____ bonds form between the sugar and phosphates to form the backbone of the molecule

Answer 55

Covalent

Question 56

The three letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Answer 56

Codon

Question 57

____ mutations occur in cells after birth

Answer 57

Somatic

Question 58

During transcription, the ____ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

Answer 58

Sense