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Biology 12 > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

A polymer made up of many amino acids joined together

A

Polypeptide

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2
Q

A fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called ___

A

Saturated

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3
Q

Soap is one type of _____, which are substances which help break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water

A

Emulsifier

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4
Q

A nucleic acid which is single stranded

A

RNA

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5
Q

This process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

The carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants

A

Cellulose

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7
Q

Another name for “fat”

A

Lipid

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8
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in plants

A

Starch

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9
Q

Acidity is created by an excess of ___ ions in a solution

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

Heavy ____ can alter the three dimensional shape of a protein

A

Metals

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11
Q

A nucleotide is made up of a ____, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base

A

Phosphate

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12
Q

A pH above 7.0 is considered _____

A

Basic

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13
Q

This element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances

A

Carbon

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14
Q

Forms when two glucose molecules are joined together

A

Maltose

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15
Q

____ are lipids which contain four rings in their chemical structure

A

Steroids

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16
Q

A nucleic acid with a double helix shape

A

DNA

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17
Q

____ bonds are strong

A

Covalent

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18
Q

A six carbon sugar

A

Hexose

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19
Q

The subunit which makes up nucleic acids

A

Nucleotides

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20
Q

A five carbon sugar

A

Pentose

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21
Q

This level of protein structure can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary

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22
Q

A pH below 7.0 is considered _____

A

Acidic

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23
Q

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

A

Polysaccharide

24
Q

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

A

Unsaturated

25
Q

This level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein

A

Primary

26
Q

How many different kinds of amino acids exist?

A

20

27
Q

Carbohydrates help provide us with ____

A

Energy

28
Q

A special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

A

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

29
Q

Compounds which are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called ____ compounds

A

Organic

30
Q

A pH of 7.0 is considered _____

A

Neutral

31
Q

A protein’s three dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to ____ properly

A

Function

32
Q

____ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

33
Q

Water is a good solvent because its molecules are ____ (having a slight positive and negative charge)

A

Polar

34
Q

A disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together

A

Sucrose

35
Q

A carbohydrate made up of only one subunit

A

Monosaccharide

36
Q

This process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

Dehydration synthesis

37
Q

Excessive ____ can cause a protein to lose its three dimensional shape

A

Heat

38
Q

The term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape

A

Denaturation

39
Q

The subunit that makes up polypeptides (proteins)

A

Amino acids

40
Q

A 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is characteristic of ____ molecules

A

Carbohydrate

41
Q

A neutral fat that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called a ____glyceride

A

Mono

42
Q

A substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant is called a _____

A

Buffer

43
Q

The type of carbohydrate used in your cells

A

Glucose

44
Q

The measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

pH

45
Q

A carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)

A

Disaccharide

46
Q

Hydrogen bonds are ___ bonds

A

Weak

47
Q

This level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with each other to form a larger protein structure

A

Quaternary

48
Q

A molecule made up of two amino acids joined together

A

Dipeptide

49
Q

This level of protein structure occurs when the protein begins to fold upon itself, creating a 3D shape

A

Tertiary

50
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals

A

Glycogen

51
Q

This is the sequence of three atoms which is characteristic of an amino acid

A

NCC

52
Q

The six common functions of proteins

A
  1. Enzymes
  2. Structural (keratin)
  3. Hormones (insulin)
  4. Blood proteins (hemoglobin)
  5. Movement (actin and myosin)
  6. Antibodies
53
Q

The four common functions of carbohydrates

A
  1. Energy production
  2. Short-term energy storage (glucose)
  3. Structural (cell walls)
  4. Cell membrane markers
54
Q

The four common functions of lipids

A
  1. Long-term energy storage
  2. Hormones (cholesterol, sex hormones)
  3. Insulation
  4. Structural (cell membranes)
55
Q

The two common functions of nucleic acids

A
  1. To carry hereditary or genetic information

2. Controls cell activities (cell division and protein synthesis)

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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