Biological Molecules

Question 1

A polymer made up of many amino acids joined together

Answer 1

Polypeptide

Question 2

A fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called ___

Answer 2

Saturated

Question 3

Soap is one type of _____, which are substances which help break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water

Answer 3

Emulsifier

Question 4

A nucleic acid which is single stranded

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

This process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

The carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

Another name for “fat”

Answer 7

Lipid

Question 8

The storage form of carbohydrate in plants

Answer 8

Starch

Question 9

Acidity is created by an excess of ___ ions in a solution

Answer 9

Hydrogen

Question 10

Heavy ____ can alter the three dimensional shape of a protein

Answer 10

Metals

Question 11

A nucleotide is made up of a ____, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 11

Phosphate

Question 12

A pH above 7.0 is considered _____

Answer 12

Basic

Question 13

This element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances

Answer 13

Carbon

Question 14

Forms when two glucose molecules are joined together

Answer 14

Maltose

Question 15

____ are lipids which contain four rings in their chemical structure

Answer 15

Steroids

Question 16

A nucleic acid with a double helix shape

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

____ bonds are strong

Answer 17

Covalent

Question 18

A six carbon sugar

Answer 18

Hexose

Question 19

The subunit which makes up nucleic acids

Answer 19

Nucleotides

Question 20

A five carbon sugar

Answer 20

Pentose

Question 21

This level of protein structure can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

Answer 21

Secondary

Question 22

A pH below 7.0 is considered _____

Answer 22

Acidic

Question 23

A carbohydrate made up of many subunits

Answer 23

Polysaccharide

Question 24

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called

Answer 24

Unsaturated

Question 25

This level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein

Answer 25

Primary

Question 26

How many different kinds of amino acids exist?

Answer 26

20

Question 27

Carbohydrates help provide us with ____

Answer 27

Energy

Question 28

A special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

Answer 28

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 29

Compounds which are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called ____ compounds

Answer 29

Organic

Question 30

A pH of 7.0 is considered _____

Answer 30

Neutral

Question 31

A protein's three dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to ____ properly

Answer 31

Function

Question 32

____ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane

Answer 32

Phospholipids

Question 33

Water is a good solvent because its molecules are ____ (having a slight positive and negative charge)

Answer 33

Polar

Question 34

A disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together

Answer 34

Sucrose

Question 35

A carbohydrate made up of only one subunit

Answer 35

Monosaccharide

Question 36

This process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

Answer 36

Dehydration synthesis

Question 37

Excessive ____ can cause a protein to lose its three dimensional shape

Answer 37

Heat

Question 38

The term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape

Answer 38

Denaturation

Question 39

The subunit that makes up polypeptides (proteins)

Answer 39

Amino acids

Question 40

A 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is characteristic of ____ molecules

Answer 40

Carbohydrate

Question 41

A neutral fat that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called a ____glyceride

Answer 41

Mono

Question 42

A substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant is called a _____

Answer 42

Buffer

Question 43

The type of carbohydrate used in your cells

Answer 43

Glucose

Question 44

The measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

Answer 44

pH

Question 45

A carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)

Answer 45

Disaccharide

Question 46

Hydrogen bonds are ___ bonds

Answer 46

Weak

Question 47

This level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with each other to form a larger protein structure

Answer 47

Quaternary

Question 48

A molecule made up of two amino acids joined together

Answer 48

Dipeptide

Question 49

This level of protein structure occurs when the protein begins to fold upon itself, creating a 3D shape

Answer 49

Tertiary

Question 50

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals

Answer 50

Glycogen

Question 51

This is the sequence of three atoms which is characteristic of an amino acid

Answer 51

NCC

Question 52

The six common functions of proteins

Answer 52

1. Enzymes 2. Structural (keratin) 3. Hormones (insulin) 4. Blood proteins (hemoglobin) 5. Movement (actin and myosin) 6. Antibodies

Question 53

The four common functions of carbohydrates

Answer 53

1. Energy production 2. Short-term energy storage (glucose) 3. Structural (cell walls) 4. Cell membrane markers

Question 54

The four common functions of lipids

Answer 54

1. Long-term energy storage 2. Hormones (cholesterol, sex hormones) 3. Insulation 4. Structural (cell membranes)

Question 55

The two common functions of nucleic acids

Answer 55

1. To carry hereditary or genetic information | 2. Controls cell activities (cell division and protein synthesis)