Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is Protein Synthesis
The making of a protein
2 Key Steps of Protein Synthesis
Transcription
Translation
What is an example of a cell in our body that can’t divide
Red Blood Cells
Why would a cell be unable to divide
No nucleus, therefore no DNA
How long do Red Blood Cells live
120 days
Where (generally) does Protein Synthesis Begin and End
Begin - Nucleus
End - Cytoplasm
What is Transcribed
Small section (gene) of DNA
How many strands of DNA are copied
1 (uncoils then recoils)
Which enzyme begins Transcription
Where
RNA-Polymerase Promoter Region (start of gene)
What does RNA-Polymerase do
Matches DNA nucleotide bases with RNA nucleotide bases to form Pre/Immature mRNA
What ends the process of Transcription
When RNA-Polymerase reaches the Terminator Region of the Gene it detaches, leaving behind the Pre mRNA strand
What is Splicing
Removal of Introns and Merging of Exons from Pre mRNA
What does the Splicing of Pre mRNA
snRNP’s (Snurps)
What is Alternative Splicing
When a single strand of Pre mRNA can be spliced in multiple different ways to produce different proteins (from the same original strand)
What is mRNA
Messenger-RNA
mRNA post splicing (contains only useful coding segments)
Where does Transcription Occur
Nucleus
Where is the mature mRNA sent after Transcription
To Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm (Ex Rough ER)
What is Translation
Translating the mRNA into Amino Acid Chains (Proteins)
Where does Translation Occur
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
What does rRNA consist of
Two Subunits
What does the smaller subunit of rRNA do
Hold mRNA strand in place
Function of larger rRNA subunit
Attachment site (2 sites) for tRNA
What is a Codon
Section of mRNA that gets translated
A triplet of Nucleotide Bases
What is an Anticodon
The triplet (of nucleotide bases) from tRNA that matches the Codon (of mRNA)
