Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

The making of a protein

Question 2

2 Key Steps of Protein Synthesis

Answer 2

Transcription

Translation

Question 3

What is an example of a cell in our body that can’t divide

Answer 3

Red Blood Cells

Question 4

Why would a cell be unable to divide

Answer 4

No nucleus, therefore no DNA

Question 5

How long do Red Blood Cells live

Answer 5

120 days

Question 6

Where (generally) does Protein Synthesis Begin and End

Answer 6

Begin - Nucleus

End - Cytoplasm

Question 7

What is Transcribed

Answer 7

Small section (gene) of DNA

Question 8

How many strands of DNA are copied

Answer 8

1 (uncoils then recoils)

Question 9

Which enzyme begins Transcription

Where

Answer 9

RNA-Polymerase
Promoter Region (start of gene)

Question 10

What does RNA-Polymerase do

Answer 10

Matches DNA nucleotide bases with RNA nucleotide bases to form Pre/Immature mRNA

Question 11

What ends the process of Transcription

Answer 11

When RNA-Polymerase reaches the Terminator Region of the Gene it detaches, leaving behind the Pre mRNA strand

Question 12

What is Splicing

Answer 12

Removal of Introns and Merging of Exons from Pre mRNA

Question 13

What does the Splicing of Pre mRNA

Answer 13

snRNP’s (Snurps)

Question 14

What is Alternative Splicing

Answer 14

When a single strand of Pre mRNA can be spliced in multiple different ways to produce different proteins (from the same original strand)

Question 15

What is mRNA

Answer 15

Messenger-RNA

mRNA post splicing (contains only useful coding segments)

Question 16

Where does Transcription Occur

Answer 16

Nucleus

Question 17

Where is the mature mRNA sent after Transcription

Answer 17

To Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm (Ex Rough ER)

Question 18

What is Translation

Answer 18

Translating the mRNA into Amino Acid Chains (Proteins)

Question 19

Where does Translation Occur

Answer 19

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 20

What does rRNA consist of

Answer 20

Two Subunits

Question 21

What does the smaller subunit of rRNA do

Answer 21

Hold mRNA strand in place

Question 22

Function of larger rRNA subunit

Answer 22

Attachment site (2 sites) for tRNA

Question 23

What is a Codon

Answer 23

Section of mRNA that gets translated

A triplet of Nucleotide Bases

Question 24

What is an Anticodon

Answer 24

The triplet (of nucleotide bases) from tRNA that matches the Codon (of mRNA)

Question 25

What is the function of the Anticodon

Answer 25

To encode for a SPECIFIC Amino Acid (which is already attached to that tRNA)

Question 26

Which Codon is ALWAYS found at the beginning of a polypeptide chain (in the body)

Answer 26

AUG (Initiator Codon)

Question 27

What is the Anticodon for the Codon AUG

Answer 27

UAC (Initiator Anticodon)

Question 28

Which Amino Acid does the Anticodon UAC (of tRNA) code for

Answer 28

Methionine (beginning of all polypeptide chains in body)

Question 29

Function of the Initiator tRNA

Answer 29

Carries the Initiator Anticodon and begins the process of Translation

Question 30

Which Codon ends Translation

Answer 30

The Stop Codon

Question 31

What happens to the newly formed polypeptide after the Stop Codon is reached

Answer 31

It falls off and is transported to the Golgi Apparatus

This is the end of Translation

Question 32

What happens to the protein in the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 32

It is processed further into functional proteins or modified with sugars and/or fats