Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nucleotide triplets called?

A

Codons

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2
Q

What are the stages of transcription?

A

Initiation, Elongation, Termination.

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3
Q

What creates mRNA from DNA in eukaryotes?

A

RNA polymerase II (2)

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4
Q

The section of DNA that is translated into RNA

A

Transcription unit

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5
Q

At the start of a transcription unit there is a…

A

Promoter

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6
Q

RNA transcription from DNA: Initiation stage

A

RNA polymerase binds with promoter and begins RNA synthesis

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7
Q

Transcription elongation stage

A

RNA polymerase moves down stream, creating RNA

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8
Q

Transcription Termination Stage

A

RNA transcript is released and RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA

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9
Q

A eukaryptic promoter commonly includes

A

A sequence of TATA

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10
Q

Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase in….

A

Eukaryotes

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11
Q

Tabscription factors bind to

A

The TATA box

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12
Q

Anticodon

A

The nucleotide triplet on a tRNA that compliments a mRNA codon

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13
Q

Where do tRNA pick up their amino acids?

A

In the cytosol

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14
Q

What gives tRNA their amino acids

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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15
Q

Wobble

A

A flexible base pairing at the 3’ end in the third position, tRNA

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16
Q

Ribosome made from

A

2 sub units (one large and one small) both made from protein and rRNA

17
Q

Ribosome subunits made in

A

Nucleolus

18
Q

The three ribosome binding sites

A

P site, A site, E site

19
Q

rRNA

A

Inside ribosome, catalyst of peptide bond formation

20
Q

3 stages during translation elongation

A

Codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation

21
Q

Energy used in translation elongation

A

GTP

22
Q

Stages GTP is used in

A

Codon recognition, translocation

23
Q

Cap on a 5’ end of mRNA

A

Modified guanine nucleotide

24
Q

Cap on 3’ end of mRNA

A

Poly-A tail