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Biology: The Organism > Nucleic Acid Protien Synthesis > Flashcards

Nucleic Acid Protien Synthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleic acid

A

DNA and RNA

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2
Q

Amino Acids

A

Really small things that make up a polypeptide

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3
Q

What is a polynucleotide

A

A bunch of nucleotides put in a line, DNA and RNA!

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4
Q

Parts of a nucleotide

A

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

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5
Q

What is the nucleoside?

A

The side of the nucleotide without the phosphate (the sugar and the nitrogenous base)

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6
Q

Pyrimidines vs Purines, how many rings?

A

Pyrimidine: 1

Purine: 2

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7
Q

Which are the Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine (C) and Thymine(T)/Uracil(U)

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8
Q

Which pyrimidine is in DNA?

A

Thymine (T)

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9
Q

Which pyrimidine is in RNA?

A

Uracil (U)

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10
Q

Which sugar is in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose (H in 2’)

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11
Q

Which sugar is in RNA?

A

Ribose (OH in 2’)

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12
Q

What is the backbone of DNA/RNA?

A

Sugar-phosphate backbone

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13
Q

The two polynucleotides (The strands of DNA) run…

A

Antiparallel

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14
Q

Which are the purines?

A

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)

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15
Q

What is the shape DNA takes?

A

Double helix

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16
Q

What are all the nitrogenous bases?

A

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Adenine, Guanine

17
Q

What are Chargaff’s rules?

A
  1. DNA base composition varies between species
  2. For DNA, the amout of A and T bases match, and the amount of G and C match
18
Q

What does it mean that DNA replication is ‘semiconservative’?

A

The two strands of DNA seperate and act as a template for their new partner (complimentary) strand. Each parental strand is now paired with a daughter strand.

19
Q

Helicase

A

Untwist DNA at the replication forks and separate the parental strands

20
Q

Single-strans binding protien

A

Stabilizes the unwound parental strands

21
Q

Primase

A

Synthesizes RNA primers, using the parental DNA as a template

22
Q

What ar the segments of lagging strands called?

A

Okazaki fragments

23
Q

During DNA replication, what adds nucleotides to the new strands

A

DNA polymerase III (3)

24
Q

What follows behind a DNA polymerase III?

A

Sliding clamp

25
Q

In DNA replication, what replaces the RNA primers (the anchors)?

A

DNA polymerase I (1)

26
Q

DNA Ligase function

A

Connects all the Okazaki fragments I to one continuous strand

27
Q

Topoisomerase function

A

Breaks, swivels, and rejoin DNA strans to relieve tension from unwinding

Biology: The Organism (18 decks)

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