Cell Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Smaller, circular DNA, No membrane around nucleus, no organelles, tough walls made from peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

The substance that makes up external walls on prokaryotic cells

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3
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Larger, cytoskeleton, linear DNA

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4
Q

What structure is unique to animals cells?

A

Lysosomes

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5
Q

What structures are unique to plant cells?

A

Cell wall, central vacuole, chloloplast

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6
Q

Nucleus Function

A

Contains cell genes

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7
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Coiled molecules of DNA and protein

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8
Q

Ribosome function and location

A

Function: protein synthesis

Location: Free (in cytosol), Connected (on Outside the ER)

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9
Q

What makes ribosomes?

A

Nucleolus, located in the nucleus

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10
Q

Cytosol

A

Liquid in a cell

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11
Q

What systems are a part of the Endomembrane System?

A

ER, Golgie Apparatus, Lysosomes, Central Vacuole, Nuclear membrane, Plasma Membrane

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12
Q

ER translation

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

Rough ER

A

Creates membranes, proteins, and transport vesicles

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14
Q

Smooth ER

A

Creates Lipids, creates and stores glycogen, stores calcium, breaksdown toxins and drugs

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15
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies products of ER, makes some macromolecules, sorts materials into vesicles.

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration, generates ATP

17
Q

Lysosomes

A

Vesicles containing hydrolytoc enzymes to digest macromolecules

18
Q

Vacuole

A

Large vesicle derived from ER and Golgi

19
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

20
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of fibers through cytoplasm. Anchors organelles. Moves organelles and cell

21
Q

Micropfilament

A

Smaller
Cell mobility
Cytoplasmic streaming
Muscle contraction

22
Q

Microtubules

A

Maintain cell shape
Organelle movement
Separate chromosomes for cell division
Movement of cilia and flagella

23
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Small pore in cell wall to allow cells to communicate

24
Q

Plant cell wall substance

A

Cellulose

25
Q

Fungi cell wall substance

A

Chitin

26
Q

Endomembrane system function

A

Synthesis of proteins, transport of proteins, metabolism and movement of lipids, detoxification.

27
Q

ER and Golgi is made from tubueles and sacs called….

A

Cisternae

28
Q

Golgi apparatus, cis and trans face

A

Cis: Receiving end

Trans: Shipping end

29
Q

Cebtrosome and Centrioles function

A

Organize microtubules

30
Q

Central Vacuole function

A

Storage, breaks down waste, hydrolysis of macromolecules.