Animal Development

Question 1

Acrosomal Reaction

Answer 1

Acrosome in tip of sperm head release hydrolitic enzymes to digest jelly coat, then acrosomal process, actin filaments reach out and protiens match with egg receptors

Question 2

Fast block

Answer 2

Ion channels open in egg plasma membrane, causing depolarization

Question 3

Cortical reaction

Answer 3

Slow block: Ca²+ release, cortical granules fuse to plasma membrane, previtelline space swells, vitelline layer hardens, sperm receptors clipped

Question 4

Cell activation

Answer 4

Increased cellular respiration and protien synthesis

Question 5

What causes cellular activation

Answer 5

CA²+

Question 6

Cleavage furrow passes entirely through egg

Answer 6

Holoblastic

Question 7

Cleavage furrow cannot pass through very large yolk

Answer 7

Meroblastic

Question 8

When cells occupy appropriate locations is called…. and include the two steps…

Answer 8

Morphogenesis

Gastrulation
Organogenesis

Question 9

Blastula folds in to form multiple layers

Answer 9

Gastrulation

Question 10

Formation of organs

Answer 10

Organogenesis

Question 11

What do cells attach onto during cell migration

Answer 11

Glycoprotiens

Question 12

_______ located on cell surfaces contribute to cell migration and stable tissue structure

Answer 12

Cell adhesion molecules

Question 13

When a cell can grow into a complete new organism

Answer 13

Totipotent

Question 14

When a stem cell can differentiate into many cell types

Answer 14

Pluripotent

Question 15

Adult stems cell can replace non-reproducing specialized cells are..

Answer 15

Multipotent

Question 16

Acrosomal process

Answer 16

Sperm protiens meet egg membrane receptors

Question 17

When neighboring cells tell new cells what to be

Answer 17

Inductio

Question 18

Notochord

Answer 18

Red mesoderm layer, tells where neural tube goes

Question 19

What does the notochord become in adults

Answer 19

Largely dissappear, parts become inner portion of disks in spine

Question 20

Neural crest cells start and end where?

Answer 20

Start: detach when neural cord pinches off, many move far distances becoming peripheral nerves and part of teeth and skull bones

Question 21

Somites

Answer 21

Mesoderm lateral to neural cord
Organize segments of vertebrates bodies

Question 22

Skeletal muscle cells would have large quantities of…

Answer 22

Muscle-specific versions of contractile protiens like myosin and actin

Question 23

What is the first evidence of determination?

Answer 23

mRNAs for cell specific protiens

Question 24

Read reachy cells in sea urchin gastrulation

Answer 24

Filopodia

Question 25

Gastrulation, space in yellow cells

Answer 25

Archenteron