Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMVPH > Protein and Energy Imbalances in Ruminants > Flashcards

Protein and Energy Imbalances in Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

What affects productivity in herds?

A 
Genetics
Feeding
Environment
Management
Disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe rumen fermentation and the environment needed for good rumen fermentation…

A

Maintain neutral rumen ph 6.2 -7
Saliva produced by cheweing and ruminating acts as a buffer
Needs 2-4cm fibres in diet
Chewing occurs when lying down in cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the problem with fibres length being:

a. Too long
b. Too short

A

A. Decreased rumen output

B. Outflow is too fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many hours should a cow spend lying down per day?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many cows should be lying down one hour before feeding?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much trough space should each cow have?

A

60cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is it a problem if cows are unable to feed after milking?

A

Go and lie down and pathogens can get up the open teat sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should you check in terms of feeding troughs?

A

Physical condition
Clean
Fresh food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should you check in regards to water troughs for cattle?

A 
Plenty of water
Enough space around the water trough
Flow rate
Clean
Dissolved solids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can you measure how much cows are eating?

A

Dry matter intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you calculate dry matter intake?

A

DMI = 0.025BW + 0.1 x milk yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is needed to formulate a diet ration for cattle?

A

Analysis of each feed competent (minerals, proteins, fats etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is true TMR?

A

Everything is fed in the TMR and nothing is fed in the parlour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is silage aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean for spoiling?

A

Anaerobic - When air enters secondary fermentation causes spoilage and mould can produce mycotoxins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a TMR?

A

Total Mixed Ration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the common problems or mistakes made with grazing grass?

A

Over estimate the value of grazed grass
Bloat from clvoer rich pastures
Mg deficiency

17
Q

What can be given as a buffer feed before turning out to grass?

A

Silage
Hay
TMR

18
Q

Why is it a bad idea to use old tyres when making silage?

A

Old tyres contain small pieces of metal which may lead to hardwire disease.

19
Q

What is the target milk fat %?

A

4.2%

20
Q

What produces milk fat?

A

Acetat and butyrate

21
Q

What happens to milk fat if concentrates:forage ratio exceeds 60:40?

A

Fat will drop significantly.

Low milk fat may indicate SARA.

22
Q

What is the target milk protein?

A

3.4%

23
Q

When does milk protein decrease?

A

After a period of inadequate energy intake.

24
Q

How can you investigate feed of cattle?

A 
Look at the feed
Smell it
Handle it
Ask about it
Check out ration, computer sheets
25
Q

Describe dung scoring…

A

Score 1 - Loose and watery
Score 2 - Custard splatters far
Score 3 - Slow hand clap, does not stick to boots
Score 4 - Thick heavy consistency. Forms stacks and sticks to boots
Score 5 - Stiff dung that leaves boot impression (dehydrated)

26
Q

When condition scoring cows in a herd which cows do you need to asses?

A

Dry cows
Freshly calved
2-4 weeks post calving
Late lactation

27
Q

What problems can occur when there are feeding issues in the 6 weeks either side of calving?

A 
Poor DMI 
Metabolic diseases
- Ketosis
- Fatty liver syndrome
- Fat cow syndrome
- LDA
Poor milk production
Poor fertility
28
Q

Described the BCS for the dry cow…

A

Should remain constant during the dry cow stage

Dry off in the same BCS that the cow should calve at

29
Q

Why should cattle not lose weight during the dry period?

A

It will cause excessive fat mobilisation and makes fatty liver and other metabolic problems more likely

30
Q

What are metabolic profiles in cattle?

A

Planned regular blood tests that look at a number of metabolites in normal healthy cows in a herd.

31
Q

What would be the 4 recommend times to carry out metabolic profiling in a herd?

A 
Soon after spring turn out
Mid-to-late summer when pasture quality is highly variable
Soon after housing
Late in winter housing
Also any major changes in diet
32
Q

Which 3 groups should be assessed in metabolic profiling of cattle? How many from each group?

A
  • Early lactation, no more than 20 days calved
  • Mid lactation (100-200 days)
  • Dry cows within 14 days of calving

6 cows from each group

33
Q

What are the common errors when carrying out metabolic profiling of cattle?

A

Sampling cows that have calved more than 20 days ago
Failure to include cows in their first lactation in each group
Sampling immediately after major management changes
Including problem or poor cows.

PMVPH (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions