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PMVPH > Clinical Mastitis > Flashcards

Clinical Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

What determines whether a case of mastitis will have a clinical or subclinical presentation?

A

Host-pathogen interaction

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2
Q

When might mastitis occur?

A

Dry period infection (<30d post calving)

Lactation infection

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3
Q

What do these suggest in terms of SCC before and after calving?

  1. Low to low
  2. Low to high
  3. High to low
  4. High to high
A
  1. Good
  2. Bad - dry period infection
  3. Good - successful treatment
  4. Bad - unsuccessful treatment or disease contracted during dry period.
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4
Q

Is a clinical presentation more likely in contagious or environmental mastitis?

A

Environmental

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5
Q

How can you distinguish between contagious and environmental mastitis?

A
  1. Clinical signs (contagious more likely to be SC)

2. Look at genetics

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6
Q

Why is mastitis a problem?

A

LOSSES!

  • Quantity of milk
  • Quality of milk

Loss of around £100/case

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7
Q

How does clinical mastitis occur?

A
  1. Exposure to pathogen
  2. Entry into teat and mammary tissue
  3. Establishment of infection
  4. Always changes in milk with clinical mastitis
  5. Sometimes other signs
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8
Q

What increases chance of infection in terms of mammary gland?

A

Prolapsed teat canal

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9
Q

What is grade 1 clinical mastitis?

A

Milk change only i.e. decreased milk yield

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10
Q

What is grade 2 (acute) clinical mastitis?

A 
Milk changes (Decreased yield)
Changes in udder e.g. swelling
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11
Q

What is grade 2 (chronic) clinical mastitis?

A

Milk changes

Persistent changes in udder (Atrophy)

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12
Q

What is grade 3 clinical mastitis?

A

Milk changes
Persistent changes in udder
Systemic disease
TOXIC mastitis -> e. coli or staph aureus

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13
Q

What organisms cause acute/clinical mastitis?

A 
Strep dysgalactiae
Strep uberis
Staph aureus
E coli
Strep agalactiae (subclinical)
Exotics:
- Klebsiella
- Salmonella
- Yeasts
- Bacillus cereus
- Mycoplasma
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14
Q

How is subclinical mastitis characterised?

A

No visual milk changes
Elevation of SCC
+ve CMT
Reduced milk yield

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15
Q

How do you carry out a CMT?

A
  1. Wipe teat
  2. Pre-strip milk
  3. Sample milk
  4. Look at milk (any abnormalities)
  5. Add reagent and swirl for -1min
  6. Assess
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16
Q

How can you use electrical conductivity to look for subclinical mastitis? Pros/cons?

A

Inflammatory process changes ion concentration of milk
Measures ion concentration
Inexpensive and simple
Affected by sample time, milk viscosity, temp and sensor calibration

17
Q

How can you use in line SCC analysis to look for subclinical mastitis?

A 
Measures ATP levels (inc = increased SCC)
Sensor connected to milk host
Reagent assette attached below display
You can test the milk whenever you want
Costly
18
Q

How can you use spectroscopy to look for subclinical mastitis?

A

Test for fat, protein, lactose, SCC, urea, LDH

Indirect identification through milk changes

19
Q

What organisms cause subclinical mastitis?

A

Staph aureus
Strep uberis
Step agalactiae
Corynebacterium bovis

20
Q

What history do you need to take for a mastitis case?

A 
Duration
Development
Stage of lactation
Age
Treatment
Previous episodes
SCC data
Other cases in herd
Records
21
Q

What clinical exam would you do for a mastitis case?

A 
Systemic exam
Udder exam
- Inspection
- Palpation
- LNs
Milk exam
Milk sample
Prelimnary diagnose and treat
22
Q

How can you treat mastitis?

A 
Antibiotics 
- Systemic
- Intramammary during lactation
- Intramammary during dry period
Oxytocin
NSAIDs
Corticosteriods
Fluid therapy
Calcium
Dextros
Frequent milking
23
Q

Why do you need to culture a milk sample?

A

Can never tell based on clinical presentation the bugs

AB sensitivity

24
Q

Which animals would you pick for a milk sample?

A

Recurrent cases
Persistent infections
High SCC

25
Q

Where can you take milk samples from?

A

Bulk tank sample
Pooled sample of one cow
Individual quarter sample

26
Q

How would you take a milk sample from a quarter?

A
  1. Cleanse udder
  2. Swab teat end
  3. 2 pre strips
  4. 2 ml in sterile container
  5. Label name, cow number and quarter
27
Q

What is the difference between CMT and culture in terms of technique?

A

Culture milk sample needs to be sterile, whereas CMT doesn’t.

PMVPH (11 decks)

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