Aetiology, Pathogenesis and Pathology of Mastitis Flashcards

1
Q

When is the cow at risk of mastitis?

A

Lactating

Dry cow

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2
Q

What is the dominant pathogen in the UK causing lactating bovine mastitis?

A

Strep uberis

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3
Q

What is the dominant pathogen in the UK subclinical lactating cow mastitis?

A

Coagulase negative dominates

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4
Q

What is the habitat of Staph aureus? How does it enter the teat?

A

Skin and mucous membranes, enters through teat canal

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5
Q

What is the problem with treating staph aureus mastitis?

A

70% of strains are betalactam positive

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6
Q

How does staph aureus avoid immune response?

A

Intracellular location

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7
Q

Staph aureus does not always invade udder tissues - how does it cause inflammation?

A

Due to immune response to organisms adherent to internal duct and sinus epithelium

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8
Q

What are the 7 pathogenecity factors for staph aureus?

A
a-toxin
b-toxin
TSS-1 (superantigen)
polysaccharide capsule
Protein A
Enxymes
Fibronectin-binding protein
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9
Q

What is the natural habitat of strep agalactiae?

A

Teat canal of udder

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10
Q

What is the natural habitat of strep dysgalactiae? How does it gain entry in mastitis?

A

Outside the udder teat

Requires trauma or wound to initiate invasion

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11
Q

What type of infection does strep agalactiae cause?

A

Slow, progessive, chronic

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12
Q

What type of infection does strep dysgalactiae cause?

A

Not host adapted - more acute and inflammatory than others (e.g. step agalactiae)

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13
Q

What is the natural habitat of Strep uberis? How does it gain entry in mastitis?

A

In the environment (faeces?)

Requires trauma or wound to initiate invasion

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14
Q

What vaccine is available for E. coli?

A

Killed J5

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15
Q

What key features are there about E coli in relation to mastitis?

A

AB resistance

Toxigenicity factors

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16
Q

What pathogen causes a mastitis that results in a massive decrease in milk yield?

A

Mycoplasma bovis

17
Q

What is the natural habitat of mycoplasma bovis? How does it gain entry in mastitis?

A

Genital and reproductive tract

May reach the udder by haematogenous spread

18
Q

What are the 3 primary agents involved in dry cow mastitis?

A

Trueperella pyogenes
Strep dysgalactiae
Peptostreptococcus indolicus

19
Q

When do many lactating mastitis infections being?

A

During the dry period hence therapy can be highly effective in prevention

20
Q

What are the 5 main pathogens involved with mastitis in ewes?

A
Mannheimia haemolytica
Staph aureus
E. coli
Strep
Mycoplasma agalactiae
21
Q

What pathogen involved with mastitis in ewes is a notifiable disease?

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae

22
Q

What are the 4 disease process involving the mammary gland?

A

Disease of skin of teats
Pathogens transmission to young
Neoplasia
Inflammation

23
Q

What are the 3 routes of entry of microorganisms into the mammary gland?

A
  1. Galactogenic
  2. Haematogenous
  3. Percutaenous
24
Q

What are the 3 clinical presentations of mastitis?

A
  1. Peracute and life-threatening
  2. Acute with or without systemic signs
  3. Chronic
25
What is peracute mastitis?
Gangenrous mastitis esp staph aureus Toxic mastitis coliforms Mostly occur around parturition and death can occur within hours
26
How does peracute mastitis appear grossly?
Swollen, painful quarter Rapid progession to moist gangrene Dark-blue to black in colour, blistering and oozing serum Becomes cold to touch
27
How does chronic subclinical mastitis appear grossly?
In chronic stages, gland is hard and atrophic