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CLASS 22010 GU > PROSTATE CANCER > Flashcards

PROSTATE CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in American men and the second leading cause of cancer related death in men?

A

Prostate cancer

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2
Q

A 50 y/o american man has a lifetime risk of ___% for latent cancer, ___% for developing clinically apparent cancer, and a ___% risk of death due to prostatic cancer?

A
  1. 40%
  2. 16%
  3. 2.9%
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3
Q

What are some risk factors for prostate cancer?

A
  1. African-American race
  2. Family history of prostatic cancer
  3. History of high dietary fat intake
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4
Q

True or False

MOST prostate cancers are detected because of DRE

A

False

MOST prostate cancers are detected because of elevations in serum PSA, NOT DRE

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5
Q

Prostate cancer rarely presents with signs of what?

A
  1. urinary retention

2. neuro symptoms secondary to epidural

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6
Q

Large of locally extensive prostate cancer can cause obstructive symptoms but obstructive voiding symptoms are most often due to what and not cancer?

A

BPH

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7
Q

True or False

Lymph node metastases can cause lower extremity lymphedema

A

True

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8
Q

What is the most common site for metastases in prostate cancer?

A

Axial skeleton

Patient may present with back pain or pathologic fracture

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9
Q

What elevated lab value is an important indicator for prostate cancer?

A

Elevated Prostate specific antigen (PSA) (greater than 4.0ng/ml)

  1. 8-30% of men with a level of 4.1-10ng/ml will be found to have prostate cancer
  2. 50-70% of men with a level greater than 10ng/ml will be found to have prostate cancer
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10
Q

What lab is used for assessing renal impairment and urinary retention?

A

BUN and creatinine

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11
Q

Alkaline phosphatase and calcium labs asses for what in prostate cancer?

A

bony metastases

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12
Q

What is the standard method for detection and confirmation of prostate cancer?

A

Prostate biopsy (transrectal ultrasound guided)

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13
Q

What are some standard imaging methods for evaluating prostate cancer?

A
  1. transrectal ultrasonography
  2. MRI
  3. Bone scan
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14
Q

The base line prostate specific antigen test is offered at age 50 unless there are risk factors, then the age is between 40-45, what are the risk factors?

A
  1. African American men
  2. Family history of prostate cancer
  3. know or likely to have BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
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15
Q

Is a transrectal ultrasound considered to be a first line screening tool in prostate cancer?

A

No

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16
Q

What are some possible therapies that are directed by urology and oncology for prostate cancer?

A
  1. active surveillance
  2. radical prostatectomy
  3. radiation therapy
  4. cryosurgery
  5. androgen deprivation therapy for advanced disease
17
Q

True or False

All patients with a focal nodule, or induration on DRE or elevated PSA MUST be referred to urology

A

True

CLASS 22010 GU (41 decks)

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