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CLASS 22010 GU > PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE FEMALE GENITALIA > Flashcards

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE FEMALE GENITALIA Flashcards

1
Q

What is known as an absent menstrual cycle?

A

amenorrhea

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2
Q

What includes the following?

  1. mons pubis
  2. labia majora
  3. labia minora
  4. clitoris
  5. vestibular glands
  6. vaginal vestibule
  7. vaginal orifice
  8. urethral opening
A

Vulva or external female genital organs

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3
Q

The symphisis pubis is covered by adipose tissue called the what?

A

mons pubis or mons veneris

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4
Q

Under the labia majora are the hairless labia minora that divide into what?

A

two lamellae

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5
Q

The lower pair of lamellae form the frenulum of the clitoris but the upper pair form the what?

A

Prepuce

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6
Q

The labia minora fuse to form the what?

A

fourchette

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7
Q

What is a small bud of erectile tissue and is the primary center of sexual excitement?

A

clitoris

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8
Q

In the labia minora is a vestibule containing what?

A
  1. urethra
  2. vagina
  3. skene glands
  4. Bartholin glands
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9
Q

What glands are located posteriorly on each side of the vaginal orifice, open onto the sides of the vestibule in the grooves between the labia minora and the hymen and during sexual excitement secrete mucus into the introitus for lubrication?

A

Bartholin glands

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10
Q

What is a musculomembranous tube that is transversely rugated during the reproductive phase of life and inclines posteriorly?

A

vagina

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11
Q

The anterior wall of the vagina is separated from the bladder and urethral by that?

A

vesicovaginal septum

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12
Q

The posterior wall of the vagina is separated from the rectum by the what?

A

rectovaginal septum

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13
Q

What is located at the upper end of the vagina?

A

uterine cervix

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14
Q

What is known at the lining of the uterus?

A

endometrium

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15
Q

Pelvic organs may be palpated through pockets around the cervix called what?

A

fornices

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16
Q

How much does the nonpregnant uterus normally weigh?

A

60-90 g

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17
Q

The uterus is divided anatomically into what ?

A

corpus and cervix

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18
Q

The uterine corpus consists of what?

A
  1. fundus (convex upper portion)
  2. body (main portion)
  3. isthmus (constricted lower portion adjacent to cervix)
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19
Q

The adnexa of the uterus are composed of what?

A

fallopian tubes and ovaries

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20
Q

What are a pair of oval organs resting in a slight depression on the lateral pelvic wall at the anterosuperior iliac spine?

A

ovaries

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21
Q

The internal genitalia are supported by what ligaments?

A
  1. cardinal
  2. uterosacral
  3. round
  4. broad
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22
Q

What do these four bones form?

  1. two innominate (ilium, ischium and pubis)
  2. sacrum
  3. coccyx
A

pelvis

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23
Q

What are the four pelvic joints?

A
  1. symphisis pubis
  2. sacrococcygeal
  3. two sacroiliac joints
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24
Q

During pregnancy, increased levels of what circulating hormones contribute to the strengthening and elasticity of pelvic ligaments and softening of the cartilage?

A
  1. estrogen

2. relaxin

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25
Q

True or False

Later on in pregnancy the pubic symphysis separates

A

True

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26
Q

What is considered the false pelvis?

A

shallow upper section

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27
Q

What is the true pelvis?

A

lower curved bony canal, including the inlet, cavity and outlet

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28
Q

What is the average age for the onset of menstruation (menarche) in the united states?

A

11-14 years old

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29
Q

During pregnancy, muscular walls become more elastic, and the uterus rises out of the pelvis into the abdominal cavity by what week of gestation?

A

12 weeks

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30
Q

Uterine weight at term, excluding the fetus and placenta, is about how heavy?

A

1000g

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31
Q

Pelvic congestion and edema during pregnancy occurs from what?

A

increases in blood volume

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32
Q

True or False

During pregnancy uterine pressure obstructs lymph and blood flow

A

True

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33
Q

True or False

The cervix becomes bluish, and vaginal secretions increase during pregnancy

A

True

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34
Q

What during pregnancy results in a “waddle gait” ?

A

the pelvic joints separating slightly

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35
Q

Ovarian function diminishes around what age?

A

40 y/o

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36
Q

Menopause typically occurs between what ages?

A

40-55 y/o

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37
Q

Ovulation ceases about how many years before menopause?

A

1-2 years

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38
Q

Menopause is defined as how many years with no menses?

A

1 year

39
Q

True or False

After menopause woman experience an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

A

True

40
Q

What is usually prescribed to women to help reduce the impact of menopausal symptoms and sequelae?

A

postemenopausal hormone replacement (estrogen with or with out progestin)

41
Q

Is marked anxiety before the examination a sign in a patient that something is not quite right?

A

yes

42
Q

What examination position is where the patient lies on her back with her knees bent so that both legs are spread flat and her heels meet at the foot of the table?

A

Diamond-shaped position

43
Q

What female genital exam position is this?

Woman lies on her back, knees bent and apart, feet resting on the exam table close to her buttocks. This position does not require the use of stirrups.

A

M-shaped position

44
Q

What female genital exam position is this?

Woman lies on her back with her straightened legs spread out wide to either side of the table. A variation of this position would allow the woman to hold one leg straight out and keep one foot in a stirrup.

A

V-shaped position

45
Q

Upon exam, generally how long is the clitoris?

A

2cm or less

46
Q

Abscesses of the Bartholin are usually from what bacteria?

A
  1. gonococcal

2. staphylococcal

47
Q

When assessing for muscle tone during a female genital exam, bulging of the anterior wall and urinary incontinence indicates the presence of what?

A

cystocele

48
Q

When assessing muscle tone during the female genital exam, bulging of the posterior wall indicates a what?

A

Rectocele

49
Q

What is marked by the protrusion of the cervix or uterus on straining?

A

Uterine prolapse

50
Q

When visualizing the cervix, a bluish color indicates increased vascularity, which may be a sign of what?

A

pregnancy

51
Q

A cervix that is pointed anteriorly indicates a what?

A

retroverted uterus

52
Q

A cervix that is pointing posteriorly indicates what?

A

anteverted uterus

53
Q

When visualizing the cervix a deviation to the right or left may indicate what?

A
  1. pelvic mass
  2. uterine adhesions
  3. pregnancy
54
Q

Hymenal tags may be visible after what?

A

after the hymen has torn

55
Q

True or False
Perineum is thinner and more rigid in multiparous women (women who’ve given birth) and may be more thick and smooth in nulliparous women (not given birth)

A

True

56
Q

A pale cervix suggests what ?

A

Anemia

57
Q

True or False

Os (cervical opening) of nulliparous women may be small, round, or oval; while os of multiparous women may be more horizontal, irregular, or stellate

A

True

58
Q

In newborns, labia majora are separate and clitoris is prominent up to what week of gestation?

A

36 weeks

59
Q

Enlarged clitoris in newborns suggests what?

A

Adrenal hyperplasia

60
Q

Young women who are not sexually active should have their first examination by what age?

A

21

61
Q

Vaginal discharge (yellow, green, or gray) with odor suggests what?

A

infection

62
Q

Pregnant women

Softening if the isthmus is known as what?

A

Regar sign

63
Q

Pregnant women

A bluish cervix is known as what?

A

Chadwick sign

64
Q

Pregnant women

Cervical softening is what sign?

A

Goodell sign

65
Q

What is Piskacek sign?

A

the uterus deviates at 8-10 weeks of gestation

66
Q

What common disorder usually begins in a woman’s late twenties and increases in incidence and severity as menopause approaches?

A

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

67
Q

What is characterized during or right before menses by edema, headache, weight gain, and behavioral disturbances such as irritability, nervousness, dysphoria, and lack of coordination?

A

PMS

symptoms occur 5-7 days

68
Q

What is the inability to conceive over a period of 1 year of unprotected regular intercourse?

A

infertility

69
Q

What is the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus and causes pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and heavy prolonged menstrual flow?

A

Endometriosis

70
Q

What are warty lesions on the labia, within the vestibule or in the perianal region as a result of HPV infection?

A

Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)

71
Q

What are sexually transmitted and flesh-colored, whitish pink to reddish brown, discrete, soft growths and may form cauliflower like masses?

A

Veneral warts

72
Q

What is a benign skin infection caused by a poxvirus, may be transmitted by sexual contact, with an incubation period from 2-7 weeks?

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

73
Q

What are lesions of secondary syphilis that appear about 6-12 weeks after infection, Flat, round, or oval papules covered by gray exudates?

A

Condyloma latum

74
Q

What can be seen as a firm, painless ulcer and may develop internally in women?

A

Syphilitic chancre (primary syphilis)

75
Q

What is an STI that produces small red vesicles; the lesions may itch and are painful and usually confined to a small localized patch on the vulva, perineum, vagina, or cervix?

A

Herpes lesions

76
Q

What is usually caused by a gonococcal infection, acute inflammation produces a hot, red tender, fluctuant swelling that may drain puss?

A

Inflammation of the Bartholin glands

77
Q

What is a hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder through the anterior wall of the vagina, bulging can be seen as the woman bears?

A

Cystocele

78
Q

What is a hernial protrusion of part of the rectum through the posterior wall of the vagina?

A

Rectocele

79
Q

What is a bright red polypoid growth that protrudes from the urethral meatus?

A

Urethral carbuncle

80
Q

What kind of vaginal infection shows watery discharge; usually not foul smelling; dysuria, profuse frothy, greenish discharge?

A

Trichomoniasis

81
Q

What kind of vaginal infection shows purulent discharge from the cervix; skene/Bartholin inflammation?

A

Gonorrhea

82
Q

What kind of vaginal infection shows a homogenous thin, white or gray discharge; positive KOH with clue cells?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

83
Q

What are enlarged fluid-filled retention cysts that vary in size?

A

Infected Nabothian cysts

84
Q

What are bright red, soft and fragile arise from the endocervical canal?

A

cervical polyps

85
Q

What results of weakening of the supporting structures of the pelvic floor, often occurring with a cystocele or rectocele?

A

Uterine prolapse

86
Q

In a second-degree prolapse, the cervix is where?

A

at the introitus

87
Q

True or False

In a third-degree prolapse, the cervix and vagina drop outside the introitus

A

True

88
Q

What are common, benign, uterine tumors that appear as firm, irregular nodules in the contour of the uterus?

A

Myomas

89
Q

What causes marked pelvic tenderness, with tenderness and rigidity of the lower abdomen and is a surgical emergency?

A

Ruptured tubal pregnancy

90
Q

What is often caused by a gonococcal and chlamydial infection that may be acute or chronic; produces very tender bilateral adnexal areas and fixed adnexal areas?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

91
Q

What is inflammation or infection of the fallopian tube and associated with PID?

A

Salpingitis

92
Q

What is known as vaginal secretions that collect behind an imperforate hymen and manifested by a small midline lower abdominal mass or small cyst between the labia?

A

Hydrocolpos

93
Q

What is vaginal discharge accompanied by warm, erythematous, and swollen vulvar tissue?

A

Vulvovaginitis

94
Q

What is caused by a lack of estrogen, vaginal mucosa is dry and pale, accompanying vaginal discharge may be white, gray, yellow, or green or blood-tinged?

A

Atrophic vaginitis

CLASS 22010 GU (41 decks)

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