prostate and ovary Flashcards
where do prostatic arteries arise from?
the internal pudendal, internal iliac, and the middle rectal
what is on the superior of the prostate?
the bladder
what is on the anterior of the prostate?
the pubic symphysis
what is on the posterior of the prostate?
the rectal ampulla
what is BPH and what are the symptoms?
benign prostatic hyperplasia, causes impaired storage and impaired voiding
what aspects of the prostate are … and …?
glandular is 2/3rd and fibromuscular is 1/3rd
what is the prostate covered by?
adventitia-like thin fibrous capsule
what is the histological division of the prostate?
central, transitional, peripheral
what is the central zone of the prostate?
the part that surrounds the ejaculatory duct
what is the direction of the emptying of the central zone?
obliquely
what is the transitional zone of the prostate?
the part that covers the urethra
where is the peripheral zone of the prostate?
the posterior most part of the prostate
which one is the most clinically important aspect of the prostate?
the peripheral zone
what is the 4th part of the prostate?
the fibromuscular zone
what about the direction of the peripheral zone ducts?
vertically
what is the clinical importance of the direction?
the vertical direction of the peripheral zone causes it to be prone to inflammation and consequently cancer
what is the fourth zone (?) of the stroma?
the fibromuscular part
what nerves supply the detrusor muscle of the bladder?
the pelvic splanchnic and inferior hypogastric plexus (sympathic)
what nerves supply the prostate gland?
the parasympathetic and sympathetic of the inferior hypogastric plexus
where do prostatic arteries arise from?
internal iliac, internal pudendal, and middle rectal
what does the prostatic venous plexus connect with?
the batson vein and the vertebral vein
what biomarker would we use to detect prostatic abnormalities? explain it
PSA (prostatic specific antibodies), which is an enzyme called serine protease that breaks coagulants to liquify semen
what can rise PSA?
prostate cancer, inflammation, severe constipation, sexual intercourse, catheterrisation
where are the bulbourethral glands located?
in the deep perineal pouch
where are the bulbourethral ducts located?
it passes anteroinferiroly through the perineal membrane into the spongious part of the ureter
where does semen ultimately come from?
the prostate, the seminal vesicles, the testes, and the bladder
do the ovaries descend through the inguinal canal?
no, it stops laterally near the pelvic wall
where are the ovaries located on the wall of pelvic inlet?
inferiorly to the pelvic inlet
what peritoneum suspends the ovaries?
the mesovarium
what are the layers of the ovarium?
germinal epithelium, tunica albugignea, cortex, medulla
what is the outermost layer of the ovarium made of?
cuboidal epithelial cell
what is the tunica albuginea?
a dense connective tissue capsule that lies beneath the germinal epithelium
what is the ovarian cortex?
a tightly packed connective tissue that contains follicles
