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pelvis > perineum > Flashcards

perineum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the perineal membrane?

A

a triangular fascia under the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus)

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2
Q

what is on the above of the perineal membrane?

A

the deep perineal pouch/space

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3
Q

what is above the deep perineal pouch?

A

the urogenital hiatus of the puborectal muscle

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4
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the deep perineal pouch?

A

external ureteral sphincter, the deep transverse perineal muscle, the compressor urethrae muscle, the sphincter ureterovaginalis muscle

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5
Q

what is the origin of the EUS?

A

inferior ramus of the pubis

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6
Q

what is the insertion of the EUS?

A

around the membranous layer of the ureter

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7
Q

what is the innervation of the DPP muscles?

A

the pudendal nerves

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8
Q

what is the function of the EUS?

A

compresses and relaxes for micturition

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9
Q

what is the origin of the deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

medial ramus of ischium

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10
Q

what is the insertion of the deep transverse perineal muscle?

A

perineal body

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11
Q

what is the function of the DVP muscle?

A

stabilizing the perineal body

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12
Q

what is the origin of the compressor urethrae?

A

ischiopubic ramus

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13
Q

what is the insertion of the compressor urethrae?

A

each other at the anterior of vagina

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14
Q

what is the function of the compressor urethrae?

A

accessory urethral sphincter

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15
Q

what is the origin of the uretrovaginal sphincter?

A

the perineal body

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16
Q

what is the insertion of the uretrovaginal sphincter?

A

each other laterally at the anterior of vagina

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17
Q

what forms the roof of the perineum?

A

the levator ani

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18
Q

which bone compartmentalizes the perineum?

A

the imaginary line between ischial tuberosities divide the perineum into the anterior urogenital and posterior anal triangle

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19
Q

What is the central tendon called?

A

The perineal body

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20
Q

Where can the ischial tuberosities be palpated?

A

At the crease of the gluteal region.

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21
Q

Where can the symphysis pubis be palpated?

A

For males immediately superior to the penis, for females deep to the mons pubis

22
Q

Where can the coccyx be palpated?

A

Posterior to the anal aperture.

23
Q

What is the ischioanal fossa?

A

The levator ani joining the perineal membrane leaves a margin (fossa) that enables structures or infections to occur.

24
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa?

A

The obturator internus, the sacrotuberous ligament, and the ischium.

25
Q

What is on the medial wall of the ischioanal fossa?

A

The levator ani.

26
Q

What is on the superior of the ischioanal fossa?

A

The arcus tendon.

27
Q

What is the major muscle of the anal triangle and its compartments?

A

The external anal sphincter, the deep, superficial, and subcutaneous compartments.

28
Q

What is the morphology of the deep part of the external anal sphincter and its innervations?

A

Ring shaped muscle that binds the superior anal canal and is fused with the levator ani and is innervated by S2-S3 and direct branches from S4.

29
Q

What is the morphology of the superficial part of the external anal sphincter and its attachments?

A

A ring-shaped muscle that wraps the inferior anal canal and attaches to the anococcygeus (posteriorly) and the perineal body (anteriorly).

30
Q

What is the morphology of the subcutaneous part of the external anal sphincter?

A

A flattened disc that surround the anal aperture beneath the skin.

31
Q

What supportive membrane does the urogenital triangle contain that the anal triangle doesn’t?

A

The perineal membrane.

32
Q

What is a pouch only located on the urogenital triangle?

A

The superficial perineal pouch.

33
Q

What is the ligament that suspends the body of the penis?

A

The fundiform ligament of the penis (attaches to the linea alba) and the suspensory ligament of the penis (attaches to the superior of symphysis pubis).

34
Q

Explain the erectile tissues of the female genitalia!

A

The vestibular bulbs are located on each side of the urethral opening.

They both anteriorly attach to the glans clitoris by a ligament.

35
Q

Explain the erectile tissues of the male genitalia!

A

The bulbs of the penis are one (the corpus spongiosum) and then attach as the ventral part of the penis and expands at the distal aspect to form the glans of the penis.

36
Q

What is the root of the clitoris?

A

The 2 crus made by the attached aspects of the corpus spongiosum.

37
Q

What forms the body of the clitoris?

A

The unattached part of the corpus spongiosum.

38
Q

What forms the root of the penis?

A

The 2 attached crus of the penis (corpus spongiosum) and the bulb of the penis.

39
Q

What forms the body of the penis?

A

The body of the penis is formed by the corpus cavernosum and the corpus

40
Q

What is the origin of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

The ischial tuberosity and ramus.

41
Q

What is the insertion of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

The perineal body.

42
Q

What is the function of the STP?

A

Stabilizes the perineum.

43
Q

What is the innervation of the perineal muscles?

A

S2-S4

44
Q

What is the origin of the ischiocavernous muscle?

A

The ischial tuberosity and ramus.

45
Q

What is the attachment of the ischiocavernous muscle?

A

The crus

46
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernous muscle?

A

Enables blood flow from the crura to the body of penis/clitoris.

47
Q

What is the origin of the bulbospongious muscle?

A

The perineal body and midline raphe (for males).

48
Q

What is the attachment of the bulbospongious muscle?

A

In women: bulb of
vestibule, perineal
membrane, body of clitoris,
and corpus cavernosum

In men: bulbospongiosus,
perineal membrane,
corpus cavernosum

49
Q

What is the function of the bulbospongious muscle for males?

A

Secretion of residual urine and ejaculation

50
Q

What is the function of the bulbospongious muscle for females?

A

Moves blood from attached parts of the clitoris and from the penis body to the glans.

51
Q

What is the difference between the greater vestibular gland and the bulbourethral gland’s position?

A

The GVG is located in the SPP, while the BU is located in the DPP.

52
Q
A

pelvis (20 decks)

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