muscles of the pelvic diaphrgam

Question 1

what is the attachment of levator ani muscle?

Answer 1

the ischial spine, posterior of pubis, and the tendinous thickening at the obturator internus meeting

Question 2

what is the ligament that connects coccyx and the levator ani?

Answer 2

anococcygeal

Question 3

what is the u shaped cavity at the anterior of the anus?

Answer 3

it’s called the urogenital hiatus

Question 4

what is the insertion of the levator ani?

Answer 4

the anterior: superior portion of perineal membrane

the posterior: around the anal canal and the anococcygeal ligament

Question 5

what are the innervations of the levator ani?

Answer 5

anterior rami of the S2 and the pudendal nerve S2-S4

Question 6

what is the function of the levator ani?

Answer 6

forms the pelvic floor, supports the viscera, maintains the angle between rectum and anus, reinforces the external anal sphincter and the vaginal sphincter (for women)

Question 7

how does the pelvic diphraghm muscles help with defecation? (explain the whole process)

Answer 7

1. laryngeal closing stabilizes diaphragm
2. anterior abdominal muscles compressed the abdominal contents
3. puborectalis (of the coccygeus) muscle relaxes so that the anorectal angle becomes less acute
4. longitudinal rectal muscles contract until the distal portion of feces shows
5. the levator ani returns the angle of the anorectal junction

Question 8

what is the cause for levator ani?

Answer 8

arcus tendon inflammation causing spasms of the levator ani

Question 9

how would you treat levator ani with meds?

Answer 9

cyclobenzaprine, botox A

Question 10

what are the symptoms of levator ani syndrome?

Answer 10

partial defecation, burning pain 2 inch from the anus

Question 11

what is the duration of the spasm?

Answer 11

> 30 mins

Question 12

what is the acute variation of LAS?

Answer 12

proctalgia fugax