Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

Egoistic model

Answer 1

when behaviours are done for selfish reasons

Question 2

Altruistic model

Answer 2

when behaviours are done for selfless reasons

Question 3

Prosocial behaviour

Answer 3

positive social actions intended to help others

Question 4

Proactive Model

Answer 4

Not for emotional gain

Question 5

Reactive Model

Answer 5

For emotion gain

Question 6

Negative state relief model

Answer 6

We provide help to relieve our own negative reaction to thinking another’s pain

Question 7

Empathy

Answer 7

Having compassion for another

Question 8

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 8

We are more inclined to help others when it will help us as well. We weigh others needs with our own

Question 9

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 9

People expect that those for whom they do favor will do a favor back when requested

Question 10

Social Responsibility Norm

Answer 10

Prosocial behaviour can be inspired by pressure from society and its members (active religious community, culture)

Question 11

According to Evolutionist, what is the essence of life?

Answer 11

Gene survival

Question 12

According to Evolutionist, why would “altruistic” genes not have survived?

Answer 12

Goes agains Darwinism and the Survival of the fittest. Altruistic genes have no evolutionary advantage

Question 13

Altruism

Answer 13

An individual acting in a way that will decrease its own survival chances, but improve the survival chances of another individual

Question 14

Kin Selection

Answer 14

helping relatives to reproduce resulting in the spreading of shared genes

Question 15

Inclusive Fitness

Answer 15

ability of an individual organism to pass on its genes to the next generation, taking into account the shared genes passed on by the organism’s close relatives

Question 16

What animal is an excellent example of kin selection?

Answer 16

Ants

Question 17

Reciprocal Altruism

Answer 17

a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism’s fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time

Question 18

What did Trivers argue in 1971?

Answer 18

an altruistic act need not necessarily be reciprocated by the person directly assisted but can be returned indirectly from other individuals

Question 19

What did Alexander (1987) suggest as a very good way of demonstrating your altruism at only a modest cost?

Answer 19

Donating Blood

Question 20

Is there safety in numbers?

Answer 20

Sometimes but usually no

Question 21

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 21

a sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present. Considered a form of attribution, the individual assumes that others either are responsible for taking action or have already done so

Question 22

How can we combat the Pluralistic Ignorance?

Answer 22

Learning about psychological theories that help you understand your own thought processes and behaviours, you can avoid obstacles that may prevent you from helping others in need

Question 23

What are the 5 steps of helping?

Answer 23

Notice the emergency, Interpret the situation as requiring help, Feel personal responsibility to help, Decide how to help, Provide the help

Question 24

What factors effect Prosocial Behavior?

Answer 24

Mood, Gender, Social Class and generosity, Exposure to prosocial models

Question 25

What at the 5 traits of Prosocial Behaviour?

Answer 25

Empathy, Internal locus of control, Belief in a just world, A sense of social responsibility, low egocentrism

Question 26

What factors reduce helping?

Answer 26

Social exclusion, Darkness, Putting economic value on time