Groups and Individuals Flashcards

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1
Q

Group

A

Two or more people who are seen as a unit and interact with one another

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2
Q

Common-bond groups

A

Face to face interaction, bonded to one another

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3
Q

Common-identity groups

A

Members linked via category, face to face interaction may not occur

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4
Q

What are the 4 key components of Groups?

A

Status, Roles, Norms, Cohesiveness

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5
Q

Conformity

A

Those with lower status within the group are more likely to conform and those with higher status within the group are less likely to conform

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6
Q

Cohesion

A

the extent to which members of a group are connected - the binding force

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7
Q

What 3 factors lead to arousal

A

Mere presence, Evaluation apprehension, and Distraction

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8
Q

Mere presence and arousal

A

the simple presence of others causes physical arousal

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9
Q

Evaluation apprehension and arousal

A

feeling judged enhances self-consciousness

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10
Q

Distraction and arousal

A

the presence of others can take attention away from performance

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11
Q

Distraction conflict theory

A

an individual’s performance on simple tasks is facilitated by arousal, whereas an individual’s performance on complex tasks is hindered by this same arousal

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12
Q

Social Loafing

A

being in a group can cause a decrease in effort

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13
Q

What can lead to the reduction of Social Loafing?

A

the belief that individual effort will be noted publicly, Increasing each group member’s commitment to the task, increasing task importance and value, clear standards of performance

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14
Q

Deindividuation

A

let go of self-awareness and restraint and go along with the group. Can lead to very dangerous behvaviors

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15
Q

What three factors contribute to deindividuation?

A

Arousal, Anonymity, Reduced feelings of responsibility

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16
Q

Social Identity Deindividuation (SIDE)

A

an individual changes their focus from the self to the group, can lead to a loss of self awareness. eg. cults

17
Q

Social Decision Schemes

A

Rules that guide how the initial distribution of views of each group member influences the final group decision

18
Q

What are the 4 main social decision schemes?

A

the majority wins, the truth wins, the first shift rule, unanimity

19
Q

Risky Shift

A

We will take greater risks as a group than we will as individuals

20
Q

Group Polarization

A

An attitude/belief can become magnified within a group after being discussed among group members

21
Q

Group think

A

The mode of thinking that a person engages in when concurrence-seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action

22
Q

What needs to occur for group think to happen?

A

cohesive group, isolation from dissenting viewpoints, direct leader

23
Q

How do we avoid group think?

A

remain open to criticism, work with diverse people, include members outside the group, train members in group decision-making

24
Q

Conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

25
Q

Realistic Conflict theory

A

when different groups compete for resources

26
Q

Prisoners dilemma

A

our biased perceptions of others behaviour, and how we believe they are likely to act, can influence our decisions

27
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction