Aggression Flashcards
Aggression
behaviour that intends to harm another individual
What forms does aggression take?
verbal and physical
Hostile aggression
aggression with a specific motive. eg. Road rage
Instrumental aggression
using aggression with intent other than harm eg. mugging theft
Overt
direct
Covert
Indirect
Direct Aggression
clearly derived from aggressor, aimed at victim
Indirect Aggression
not clearly derived from aggressor, victim is unclear
Which gender tends to be more relational in their aggression?
Females
Which gender is more likely to be victims of aggression?
Males
Which gender tends to lean more towards hostile aggression and direct aggression?
Males
What is a big factor in Aggression?
Provocation
Which Gender tends to be more easily provoked to aggression?
Males
Expressive View
Aggression is used to express anger and reduce stress
Instrumental view
Aggression is used to gain personal, social, or material rewards
Which view of aggression do females lean toward
Expressive View
Which view of aggression do males lean toward
Instrumental View
In which form of culture is aggression sometimes need for survival?
“Honour Cultures”
“Honour Killings”
a person members is killed for shaming the family
Instinct theory
aggression is an innate and inevitable occurrence
Evolutionary theory
Aggression is related to survival and reproduction, and the instinct gets stronger over time
How does Biology factored into aggression?
Genetic mutations may be a cause for aggression
What Biochemical factors influence aggression?
Alcohol, Hormones, Neurotransmitters
How do Neurotransmitters factor into aggression?
Low levels of serotonin are often found in violence-prone children and adults
Which hormone has a high influence on aggression level?
Testosterone
What decreases as the levels of testosterone increase?
The amount of provocation needed to illicit aggression
Frustration
Negative feeling associated with failing to reach a goal
Frustration aggression theory
Aggression is a direct consequence of building frustration
Relative deprivation
feeling that other have something that we do not
Congnitive-neoassociation theory
a negative result leads to aggression
Where is aggressive behaviours learned?
Mimicking others with positive reinforcement
Reinforcement
An action or process that strengthens a behaviour
What are some common sources of reinforcement for aggressive behaviour?
Parents, peers, television, video games, movies
What factors affect aggression?
current internal state, personal understanding, and decision making
General Aggression Model (GAM)
two types of input can trigger blatant aggression
What situational factors affect in the GAM?
Affective, cognitive, and arousal states
What two types of input trigger blatant aggression?
Proximal factors and Personal Factors
Proximal factors
Factors related to the current situation
Personal factors
Factors related to the individual
Aversive experiences
An undesirable experience eg. pain, overcrowding, attack, discomfort
What was proposed by Berkowitz?
Aversive experiences, not frustration, are the primary cause of aggression
Schachter and Singer
Physical arousal is the same with different emotions, we label the arousal based on situational information
What theory did Zillmann propose on excitation?
Excitation-Transfer Theory
What Environmental cues can trigger aggression?
High temperatures, drinking alcohol, gun imagery
What are three ways we can reduce aggression?
Punishment, Modeling non-aggression, Training
