Prosocial Behavior

Question 1

Define prosocial behaviour

Answer 1

Any voluntary actions intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals.

Question 2

Definition of Altruism

Answer 2

acting without expectations of internal or external rewards i.e. staying inside because someone asked or that it will benefit the NHS….even though it is discomforting.

Question 3

Empathy definition according to Hoffman (2000)

Answer 3

the ability to have an emotional response similar to that of another person.

Question 4

Sympathy definition according to Hoffman (2000)

Answer 4

the ability to feel concern for someone else’s condition.

Question 5

Four parenting styles (Baumrind, 1991)

Answer 5

Authoritative
Permissive
Authoritarian
Rejecting-neglecting

Question 6

What are the beneficial effects of prosocial behaviour on the individual level?

Answer 6

• academic achievement (the ability to create supportive social relationships that encourage growth and prospering)
• self esteem
• life satisfaction

Question 7

What are the beneficial effects of prosocial behaviour on the societal level?

Answer 7

increases civic engagement- a multi component meaning any sort of behavior that is carried out with the intention of the community.

Question 8

What can prosociality do for self-esteem and life satisfaction? (Zuffiano, Marti-Vilar & Lopez-Perez, 2018)

Answer 8

by helping others, we also feel better. Therefore it can improve it. Prosocial behavior can be used to enrich meaning for their life.

Question 9

How are prosocial behavior and altruism different? How are they similar?

Answer 9

Prosocial behavior is an umbrella term used to define any possible actions to benefit others regardless of the motivation.
Altruism refer to any prosocial actions done without any expectation of internal or external rewards.
There is a theoretical difference, our actions in the real world is driven by different type of motivations.

Question 10

Why is sympathy important in prosocial behavior?

Answer 10

The capacity to feel concern for someone else. It is a trigger because you are feeling concern for someone.

Question 11

According to Hoffman (2000) perspective-taking begins to develop at what age?

Answer 11

2 years of age.

Question 12

According to Hoffman (2000) prosocial behavior increases but does not occur regularly in action for what ages?

Answer 12

Ages 2 to 3 years.

Question 13

Hay & Cook (2007) suggested that prosocial behaviors may become more selective during childhood because of what influence?

Answer 13

gender norms, friendships etc.

Question 14

What are the different factors that can effect the possibility of prosocial behavior?

Answer 14

Individual factors - empathy/sympathy, perspective-taking,
effortful control i.e. marshmallow test,
emotional regulation.
inhibitory control
peer influence (i.e. Schoeps et al. (2020))

Question 15

In the Colasante, Zuffiano et al. (2014) study, high level of Inhibitory control was related to…

Answer 15

higher level of sympathy and anticipatory guilt and therefore high levels of reparation.

Question 16

Which type of parenting style is most encouraging of prosocial behavior and why?

Answer 16

Authoritative. This is because parents of this style have high emotional responsiveness are acting as a positive role model and also foster children’s self-regulatory skills to cope with life challenges.

Question 17

cognitive empathy represents

Answer 17

perspective-taking

Question 18

emotional empathy represents

Answer 18

sympathy/empathy