Emotions & Contagion Flashcards
The definition of ‘self-oriented’.
Imagining ourselves in other person’s situations.
The definition for “attribute unobservable mental states to others and use them to predict others’ behaviours” (Gopnik & Metzoff, 1997)
Theory of mind.
why should we study empathy in terms of the cognitive approach?
it is essential in order to understand peoples mental states i.e. desires, beliefs and emotions.
what do stimulation theories suggest?
People understand others’ mental states by simulating states in themselves or there is an emotional reaction felt by an observer who is experiencing/about to experience an emotion.
Mehrabian and Epstein (1972) suggests empathy is…
a vicarious emotional response to the perceived emotional experiences of others i.e. seeing people cry upsets me.
what are the two main components of the Empathy-Altruism Model?
- Self-oriented perspective taking
- Other-oriented perspective taking
- ‘Self-oriented perspective taking’ and ‘Other-oriented perspective taking’ are the main components of what model?
Empathy-Altruism Model.
‘personal distress’ is integrated in which component of the EAM?
self-oriented perspective taking
‘empathic concern’ is …
an act of sympathy/empathy for another’s situation/experience
components of other oriented EAM:
- other-oriented perspective taking
- empathic concern
- altruism
components of self oriented EAM:
- self-oriented perspective taking
- personal distress
- Egoism
Davis (1996) proposed what model
organizational model of empathy.
what are the components of the OMoE?
- ANTECEDENTS
- PROCESSES
- INTRAPERSONAL RESPONSES
- INTERPERSONAL RESPONSES
empathy emerges from the conception of _____
vulnerability
there were gender differences in empathy. Why were there differences (Eisenberg & Lennon, 1983)?
The difference is that women will score higher, especially when using questionnaire. Difference exists gender stereotypical representation. i.e. women were raised to be emotional, unlike men who must suppress.
what did Fukushima and Hiraki (2006) suggest through their study results about gender differences?
during a gambling task, when something bad happened, EEG activity occurred for women participants versus no activation during the incident
“we are capable of perfectly mimicking a person’s emotions without engaging in a cognitive interaction.” is termed as what?
emotional contagion
define ‘egocentric empathy’ (Hoffman, 1982).
copy behavior, not that they care for the other person but due to being bothered by the other experiencing this emotion.
‘global empathy’
mimicking emotions of another person i.e. reactive crying when baby cries because of another baby crying.
‘Egocentric empathy’ is linked to what other concept?
Batson’s personal distress.
‘theory of mind’ proposes children are …
unaware or incapable of experiencing empathy.
define ‘emotional contagion’.
Set of processes by which others’ emotions become ours.
mimicry, feedback and a mirror neurons are mechanisms of…
emotional contagion.
‘Mimicry’ characteristics..
- it is automatic and unintentional
- starts shortly after birth
- prototypical expressions of emotions in facial muscles
- empathy as a mediator
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
when the an internal/external event occurs, and this message is sent to neocortex to process and is then a message of appraisal to the nerves or facial muscles
Why is the Facial Feedback Hypothesis no longer supported?
due to many people conducting this experiment, results were the same every time, ‘replication crisis’.
empathy is a _____ _____.
multidimensional construct
emotion contagion is _____ and usually _____.
automatic; unintentional.
the definition of Altruism is…
behavior characterized by acts with no apparent benefits for the individual who performs them but that are beneficial to other individuals.
