Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ecology > Properties of populations > Flashcards

Properties of populations Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

an individual life form; “individual” is a moving target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Population

A

size of a group in a given area; have to define individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Module

A

any number of distinct but interrelated parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stolons

A

specialized aboveground stem; runner that develops roots and aboveground clones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rhizomes

A

specialized belowground stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Suckers

A

plant roots that sprout new stems from the surface roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of lateral modules

A
  • stoloons
  • rhizomes
  • suckers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Genet

A

a plant produced sexual reproduction, arising from a zygote; genetic individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ramets

A

the clones; the genetically identical modules; referred to as clonal colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two levels of population structure for modular organisms?

A

Genets and ramets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hybridogenesis

A

produces hemiclones
hybrid individual originates from cross between two sexual species
then reproduces with parental species but doesn’t use the genome of parental species
Has only mothers genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

reproduction without fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The distribution of a population defines its

A

spatial location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spatial location

A

describes a population’s geographic range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ubiquitous

A

when a species is widespread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endemic

A

when a species is highly localized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Minimum convex polygons

A

assumes the smallest possible geographic range
hyperconservative
-underestimates geographic range
-does not take animal movement into account

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Environmental heterogeneity typically brings about subdivisions in

A

populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Subpopulations

A

local populations occupying suitable habitat within a larger landscape of unsuitable habitat

20
Q

Metapopulation

A

a group of sub populations in a sourrce-sink dynamic

21
Q

____ populations provide new individuals to other populations

A

source

22
Q

____ populations are areas with limited breeding and few migrants

A

sink

23
Q

Environmental heterogeneity

A

variation in the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem

24
Q

What ultimately determines where an organism lives?

A

Two laws

  • Liebig’s Law
  • Shelford’s Law
25
Q

Liebig’s Law

A

“law of the minimum”

  • of all the biotic and abiotic variables, one or two have to be the most limiting
  • a limiting factor is one in which minimal change brings about major shifts in population sizes
26
Q

Shelford’s Law

A

“law of tolerance”

  • organisms success is based on a complex set of conditions and that each organism has a certain minimum, maximum, and optimum for each environmental factor
  • a low level of one factor can sometimes be compensated by high abundance of other factors
  • factors act in combination rather than in isolation
27
Q

abundance

A

defines population size

  • the number of individuals in the population
  • function of two facts: population density and area
28
Q

Population density

A

number per unit area

29
Q

Crude density

A

a measure of the total # of individuals per total area

30
Q

_____ reflects population density and distribution

A

abundance

31
Q

Clumped distribution

A
  • most common
  • species move in groups, herds, or packs
  • dispersal is limiting
  • seeds cannot travel very far, or plants are supported by “parental plants”
  • resources are not evenly distributed so a population will only occur where resources are found
  • may lead to high levels of competition or conflict
32
Q

What is the benefit of the clumped distribution?

A

strength in numbers

33
Q

Uniform distribution

A
  • space between each individual is maximized
  • most often found in plants that compete for soil moisture and nutrients
  • when in animals, often the result of behavior conflict (territoriality)
  • ex. fire ants
34
Q

Random distribution

A
  • uncommon occurrence
  • a single individual’s position in an ecosystem is independent of the other members of the species
  • pattern is characterized by lack of any strong social interactions between species
  • ex. dandelion seeds
35
Q

Ecological density

A

the number of individuals per unit of available living space

36
Q

Quadrat sampling

A

a series of quadrats of a set size are placed in an ecosystem and the species are counted within them
-based on quadrat size, total population sizes can be estimated

37
Q

Mark-recapture methods

A
  • bassed on capturing individuals
  • marking and releasing
  • recapture
  • for mobile species, subsampling can reveal larger trends
  • common estimate: lincoln-peterson index
38
Q

Measures of population structure include:

A

age, developmental stage, and sex

39
Q

In general, populations can be divided into three distinct categories:

A
  • pre-reproductive
  • reproductive
  • post-reproductive
40
Q

Annual organism

A

completes entire life cycle in one year

41
Q

The ___________ individuals will ultimately determine future population size

A

pre-reproductive

42
Q

Why do sex ratios typically change with age?

A

Mammals/Birds

  • males typically have shorter life spans
    • rivalries, territoriality, sexual selection
  • females are more likely to live to reproductive age but are more likely to die at/after reproduction
    • death at delivery
    • increased predation on nesting females
43
Q

Dispersal

A

the movement of individuals in space

unidirectional

44
Q

emmigration

A

movement out of an area

45
Q

immigration

A

movement into an area

46
Q

Migration

A

roundtrip movements

  • typically revolves around breeding seasons and available resources
  • repeated trips can be daily or seasonal

Ecology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions