Promoting Communication

Question 1

Affective Filter

Answer 1

emotional influences on learning

Anxiety, attitude, inhibition, self-esteem all affect a student’s learning experience.

Question 2

Nativist Theory

Answer 2

Noam Chomsky’s revolutionary idea that language is innate.

Language depends on an innate biological mechanism called the Language Aquisition Device (LAD); Children are born with the ability to acquire language.

Question 3

Grammar - Translation / Classical Approach

Answer 3

method of teaching English Language Learners which teaches grammar as a means to translate text in one language to another

Grammar translation classes are taught in a student’s native language and require students to memorize long lists of vocabulary and grammar rules.

Question 4

Constructivist Approach

Answer 4

Based on the belief that humans construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences; Activities are interactive and student-centered.

Question 5

Affective Filter Hypothesis

Answer 5

one of linguistics professor Stephen Krashen’s five hypotheses of second language acquisition which states that needs and emotional states affect language acquisition (anxiety, attitude, self-image, motivation, classroom climate, personality)

In order to learn, it is important to create a safe, welcoming environment in which students feel they can make mistakes and take risks.

Question 6

Input Hypothesis

Answer 6

one of linguistics professor Stephen Krashen’s five hypotheses of second language acquisition which states that language is acquired through comprehensible input that is one step beyond their current competence level

This hypothesis highlights the importance of using the target language in the classroom to help students communicate effectively.

Question 7

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)

Answer 7

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills are casual, everyday language used in personal conversation

ELLs use BIC skills when they are on the playground, in the lunch room,on the school bus, at parties, playing sports and talking on the telephone.

Question 8

Acquisition Learning Hypothesis

Answer 8

one of linguistics professor Stephen Krashen’s five hypotheses of second language acquisition which states that acquisition occurs subconsciously from natural communication where the focus is on meaning

According to this hypothesis, the optimal way a language is learned is through natural communication, so situations should be created in which language is used in order to fulfill authentic purposes.

Question 9

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 9

A chart that shows what tasks a learner can do independently, can do with assistance, and cannot do

Question 10

Monitor Hypothesis

Answer 10

one of linguistics professor Stephen Krashen’s five hypotheses of second language acquisition which states that learners edit their own language performance

The acquisition system initiates speech and the learning system ‘monitors’ the speech to find and correct errors. Monitoring can make some contribution to the accuracy of speech, but its use should be limited.

Question 11

Notional-Functional Syllabus

Answer 11

Input organized into notional categories, or real-life situations in which people communicate, and are further broken down into functions or specific aims of communication

Question 12

Direct Method / Oral Method / Natural Method

Answer 12

Immersion in the language; Focus on oral communication

Question 13

Affective Domain

Answer 13

emotional skills

appropriate reactions to situations in the classroom, like calmly asking for help when a student does not understand

Question 14

Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)

Answer 14

instructional model used to make grade level content comprehensible while acquiring English language proficiency and developing academic language

Teachers use content objectives, language objectives, background knowledge, interaction and meaningful activities. There are 8 components in the SIOP model.

Question 15

Total Physical Response (TPR)

Answer 15

Based on the coordination of language and physical movement; Students follow simply stated directions using controlled vocabulary

Question 16

Suggestopedia

Answer 16

Warm, relaxed, pleasant environment is the ideal state for learning; Often makes use of art and music and a close relationship between teacher and student

Question 17

Concept Attainment Model (Bruner)

Answer 17

An indirect instructional strategy that uses a structured inquiry process; Students figure out the attributes of a group or category that has already been formed by the teacher by comparing and contrasting examples that contain the attributes of the concept with examples that do not contain those attributes.

Question 18

Linguistic Domain

Answer 18

language skills

Much attention is paid to the linguistic domain with the annual measurable objectives to grow one proficiency level each year or to reach full proficiency.

Question 19

Total Response Signals (TRS)

Answer 19

cues students can use to indicate they are ready to respond to questions or ready to move on to new material

Students raise their hands when they finish a worksheet

Question 20

Comprehensible Input

Answer 20

Information that can be understood despite language barriers. Legally required to be provided to all ELL students under statute set by Lau vs. Nichols.

If a teacher uses comprehensible input for her ELL students, they can understand the essence of what is being said even if they do not know every word or structure used in the message.

Question 21

Acculturation

Answer 21

When one culture takes on some of the cultural traits of another culture.

European countries adopted American trends after watching Hollywood movies.

Question 22

The Silent Way

Answer 22

Teacher is silent 90% of the time, encouraging natural language expression

Question 23

Natural Order Hypothesis

Answer 23

one of linguistics professor Stephen Krashen’s five hypotheses of second language acquisition which states that there is a predictive, natural order/sequence for language acquisition

According to this hypothesis, certain structures of a language are easier to acquire than others and as a result language structures should be taught in an order that is conducive to learning.