ESL Programs Flashcards
Transitional / Developmental Bilingual Educational Programs
a bilingual program designed to be temporary
Late Exit Bilingual Program
exiting bilingual instruction late in the elementary years
Students exit in fifth or sixth grade.
Texas Education Agency (TEA)
state agency of Texas that presides over public education
1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act
Policies put into effect in 1965 in an attempt to keep immigrant families together and attract skilled labor. The policies dramatically altered the demographics of the American population in the four decades that followed.
Newcomer Centers
a place for students who are new to the country to go become acclimated to their new environment
The students who recently immigrated to the US went to the school district’s newcomer center for resources to help their initial transition to the American school system.
Pull-Out Program
students are pulled from their regular classroom for specialized instruction
Proposition 227
bill passed in California that made English the primary medium of instruction for language-minority students
The main goal of this bill is to make English language acquisition a primary focus, and for all ELLs to become proficient in English.
Pull-In / Push-In Program
ESL teacher works inside her students’ regular education classroom to provide instruction
The ESL teacher may pull aside a small group, including ELLs, to work on an assignment given by the general education teacher within the regular classroom.
Lau vs. Nichols
court case considered the cornerstone for policy related to equity of English Language Learner education in the United States
Children needed scaffolding and other strategies to make input comprehensible.
Sheltered English Immersion
program model in which ELLs are taught academic content in English by a content licensed teacher
Dual Language Education
a language program paradigm enables bilingual students from two home language groups to acquire curriculum in one language or the other.
Two-Way Programs
bilingual or dual-language program that serve the English Language Learner group and the native English learner group
In a two-way program, the goal is for all students to become bilingual.
Maintenance Model
A program plan in which the student’s first language (L1) is kept up so that it can be used to learn a second language (L2), but the L1 is not improved or extended.
The aim is bilingualism and biliteracy, although somewhat limited.
Bilingual Education and Training Act (TX)
The act required public schools with 20 or more ELLs in a grade level to provide native language teaching to help them transition to mainstream. This law ended English-only teaching. Many consider Texas a multilingual education leader owing to this legislation.
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act
legislation that ended segregation in public schools
Lau Remedies
guidelines for planning appropriate bilingual/ESL education
Self-Contained English Language Learner Classes
students stay in their regular classroom throughout the school day for both content instruction and English language instruction
The general education teacher with her ESL endorsement makes sure input is comprehensible to the ELLs in her self-contained English language learner class.
The Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA)
mandates state educational agencies (SEA) and school districts to take away barriers that prevent ELLs from participating in educational programs
Among other things, the EEOA ensures that the program provided for English learners at schools provides language assistance to ELLs based on accepted educational principles.
Castaneda vs. Pickard
court case that established a three-part assessment for bilingual programs
Bilingual education program must be based on sound educational theory, be implemented effectively with appropriate resources and be proven effective.
Immersion
being fully immersed in a language, all communication is in the language to be learned
Biliteracy
the ability to read and write with competence in two languages
A student with proficient literacy skills in English and Vietnamese demonstrates biliteracy.
Early Exit Bilingual Program
exiting bilingual instruction early in the elementary years
Students exit by third grade.
Cluster Center
program in which students from two or more schools are grouped in a center designed to provide intensive language teaching
Heritage Language Program
program in which ELLs are taught literacy in their native language
The aim is usually bilingualism and biliteracy, although the heritage language can take priority.
Structured English Immersion
program model in which ELLs are taught subject matter in English by a content licensed teacher who is also licensed in ESL or bilingual education. No ESL instruction is provided in this model.
The teacher is proficient in the first language of the student. Students may use their native language for clarification, but the teacher uses only English.
