ESL Programs

Question 1

Transitional / Developmental Bilingual Educational Programs

Answer 1

a bilingual program designed to be temporary

Question 2

Late Exit Bilingual Program

Answer 2

exiting bilingual instruction late in the elementary years

Students exit in fifth or sixth grade.

Question 3

Texas Education Agency (TEA)

Answer 3

state agency of Texas that presides over public education

Question 4

1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act

Answer 4

Policies put into effect in 1965 in an attempt to keep immigrant families together and attract skilled labor. The policies dramatically altered the demographics of the American population in the four decades that followed.

Question 5

Newcomer Centers

Answer 5

a place for students who are new to the country to go become acclimated to their new environment

The students who recently immigrated to the US went to the school district’s newcomer center for resources to help their initial transition to the American school system.

Question 6

Pull-Out Program

Answer 6

students are pulled from their regular classroom for specialized instruction

Question 7

Proposition 227

Answer 7

bill passed in California that made English the primary medium of instruction for language-minority students

The main goal of this bill is to make English language acquisition a primary focus, and for all ELLs to become proficient in English.

Question 8

Pull-In / Push-In Program

Answer 8

ESL teacher works inside her students’ regular education classroom to provide instruction

The ESL teacher may pull aside a small group, including ELLs, to work on an assignment given by the general education teacher within the regular classroom.

Question 9

Lau vs. Nichols

Answer 9

court case considered the cornerstone for policy related to equity of English Language Learner education in the United States

Children needed scaffolding and other strategies to make input comprehensible.

Question 10

Sheltered English Immersion

Answer 10

program model in which ELLs are taught academic content in English by a content licensed teacher

Question 11

Dual Language Education

Answer 11

a language program paradigm enables bilingual students from two home language groups to acquire curriculum in one language or the other.

Question 12

Two-Way Programs

Answer 12

bilingual or dual-language program that serve the English Language Learner group and the native English learner group

In a two-way program, the goal is for all students to become bilingual.

Question 13

Maintenance Model

Answer 13

A program plan in which the student’s first language (L1) is kept up so that it can be used to learn a second language (L2), but the L1 is not improved or extended.

The aim is bilingualism and biliteracy, although somewhat limited.

Question 14

Bilingual Education and Training Act (TX)

Answer 14

The act required public schools with 20 or more ELLs in a grade level to provide native language teaching to help them transition to mainstream. This law ended English-only teaching. Many consider Texas a multilingual education leader owing to this legislation.

Question 15

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act

Answer 15

legislation that ended segregation in public schools

Question 16

Lau Remedies

Answer 16

guidelines for planning appropriate bilingual/ESL education

Question 17

Self-Contained English Language Learner Classes

Answer 17

students stay in their regular classroom throughout the school day for both content instruction and English language instruction

The general education teacher with her ESL endorsement makes sure input is comprehensible to the ELLs in her self-contained English language learner class.

Question 18

The Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974 (EEOA)

Answer 18

mandates state educational agencies (SEA) and school districts to take away barriers that prevent ELLs from participating in educational programs

Among other things, the EEOA ensures that the program provided for English learners at schools provides language assistance to ELLs based on accepted educational principles.

Question 19

Castaneda vs. Pickard

Answer 19

court case that established a three-part assessment for bilingual programs

Bilingual education program must be based on sound educational theory, be implemented effectively with appropriate resources and be proven effective.

Question 20

Immersion

Answer 20

being fully immersed in a language, all communication is in the language to be learned

Question 21

Biliteracy

Answer 21

the ability to read and write with competence in two languages

A student with proficient literacy skills in English and Vietnamese demonstrates biliteracy.

Question 22

Early Exit Bilingual Program

Answer 22

exiting bilingual instruction early in the elementary years

Students exit by third grade.

Question 23

Cluster Center

Answer 23

program in which students from two or more schools are grouped in a center designed to provide intensive language teaching

Question 24

Heritage Language Program

Answer 24

program in which ELLs are taught literacy in their native language

The aim is usually bilingualism and biliteracy, although the heritage language can take priority.

Question 25

Structured English Immersion

Answer 25

program model in which ELLs are taught subject matter in English by a content licensed teacher who is also licensed in ESL or bilingual education. No ESL instruction is provided in this model.

The teacher is proficient in the first language of the student. Students may use their native language for clarification, but the teacher uses only English.