Prologue

Question 0

Empiricism

Answer 0

The view that knowledge comes from experiences via the senses and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 4

humanistic psychology

Answer 4

emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

Question 5

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 5

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

Question 6

Natural Selection

Answer 6

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 7

Levels of analysis

Answer 7

the differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 8

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 8

An integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

Question 9

Plato

Answer 9

student of Socrates-mind is separate from the body and knowledge is born within us

Question 10

Socrates

Answer 10

Plato’s teacher-mind is separate from body and knowledge is born within us. derived principles by logic.

Question 11

Aristotle

Answer 11

derived principles by observation-knowledge grows from experiences.

Question 12

Descartes

Answer 12

“father of modern science”. Believed abnormal behavior was caused by abnormalities in the brain instead of supernatural causes. Mind and body are distinct and separate.

Question 13

Francis Bacon

Answer 13

Introduced the scientific method which implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation and testing a hypothesis

Question 14

John Locke

Answer 14

Adapted the theory of tabula rasa. Believed humans are born as a blank slate and we build who we are through experiences. Formed modern empiricism.

Question 15

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 15

opened first laboratory in Germany. And conducted psychology’s first experiment.

Question 16

Edward Titchener

Answer 16

Brought structuralism to the U.S. and opened first U.S. laboratory

Question 17

William James

Answer 17

One of the first US psychologists. Developed functionalism. Wrote “Principles of Psychology”

Question 18

Mary Calkins

Answer 18

student of James. Became pioneering memory researcher and the first female APA president.

Question 19

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 19

The first woman to receive a psychology PhD. Synthesized animal behavior research in the Animal Mind.

Question 20

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 20

looking at self actualization and how to reach full potential of self.

Question 21

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 21

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes.

Question 22

Behavior Genetics Perspective

Answer 22

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

Question 23

Neuroscience Perspectives

Answer 23

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

Question 24

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 24

Looking at the unconcious. Psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior.

Question 25

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 25

Observing behavior. Positive and negative reinforcers. A psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment.

Question 26

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 26

mental processes.

Question 27

Social Cultural Perspective

Answer 27

Looking at the culture and social group that one is in, and how it influences a person’s behavior. How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Question 28

Basic Research

Answer 28

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 29

Applied Research

Answer 29

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Question 30

Biological Psychologists

Answer 30

Looking at the biological state of the body and how it influences behavior (brain, genetics, etc). Exploring links between brain and mind.

Question 31

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 31

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

Question 32

Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 32

Experimenting how we perceive, think, and solve problems

Question 33

Personality Psychologists

Answer 33

investigating our persistent traits

Question 34

Social Psychologists

Answer 34

exploring how we view and affect one another

Question 35

Counseling Psychology

Answer 35

Helps people cope with challenges by recognizing their strengths and resources

Question 36

Clinical Psychology

Answer 36

assess and treat people with psychological disorders

Question 37

Psychiatry

Answer 37

dealing with psychological disorders. Able to provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.