Chapter 10 Flashcards

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0
Q

Concepts

A

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

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1
Q

Cognition

A

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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2
Q

Prototypes

A

Mental image or best example of a category

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3
Q

Algorithm

A

Step by step procedure that guarantees a solution

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4
Q

Heuristic

A

Mental shortcuts to solving a solution faster, but does not guarantee a solution

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5
Q

Insight

A

Sudden and often novel realization to a solution of a problem. Aha moment. Sense of satisfaction

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6
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to search for information that confirms our ideas or preconceptions

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7
Q

Fixation

A

Inability to see a problem from a new perspective

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8
Q

Mental set

A

Predisposes how we think. Tendency to approach a problem with mindset of what has worked before

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9
Q

Functional fixed ness

A

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

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10
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match, particular prototypes. Error based on already existing prototype

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11
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. If instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness) we presume such events are common

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12
Q

Overconfidence

A

Tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgements

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13
Q

Framing

A

The way an issue is presented can affect decisions and judgements

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14
Q

Belief bias

A

Tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning

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15
Q

Belief perserverance

A

Tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence

16
Q

Language

A

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning