Chapter 7

Question 0

Biological rhythms

Answer 0

Periodic physiological fluctuations

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 2

Biological clock, regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Question 3

Non rem sleep

Answer 3

Period of sleep characterized by decreased metabolic activity, slowed breathing and heart rate, and absence of dreams

Question 4

Rem sleep

Answer 4

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, cause muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.

Question 5

Alpha waves

Answer 5

Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 6

Sleep

Answer 6

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Question 7

Hallucinations

Answer 7

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 8

Delta waves

Answer 8

Large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 9

Insomnia

Answer 9

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 10

Narcolepsy

Answer 10

Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inappropriate times

Question 11

Sleep apnea

Answer 11

Sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 12

Night terrors

Answer 12

Sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified. Unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

Question 13

Dream

Answer 13

Sequence if images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, acceptance of the context and later difficulties remembering it.

Question 14

Manifest Content

Answer 14

According to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden content)

Question 15

Freud’s Wish Fulfillment

Answer 15

Dreams allow us to express otherwise unacceptable feelings

Question 16

Latent content

Answer 16

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dreams latent content functions as a safety valve.

Question 17

Information Processing

Answer 17

Help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories

Question 18

Physiological function

Answer 18

Regular brain stimulation from rem sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

Question 19

Activation synthesis

Answer 19

How rem sleep triggers neural activity our brain weaves into stories

Question 20

Cognitive development

Answer 20

Dream content reflects dreamers cognitive development-their knowledge and understanding

Question 21

Rem rebound

Answer 21

Tendency for rem sleep to increase following rem sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during rem sleep)

Question 22

Hypnosis

Answer 22

Social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 23

Anton Mesmer

Answer 23

Credit for modern hypnotic popularity. Discovered an animal magnetism

Question 24

Post hypnotic suggestion

Answer 24

Suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized. Used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Question 25

Dissociation (divided consciousness theory)

Answer 25

Split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 26

Age regression

Answer 26

Supposed ability to retrieve childhood experiences

Question 27

Social influence theory

Answer 27

Theory that powerful social influences can produce a state of hypnosis

Question 28

Ernest Hilgard

Answer 28

Believed hypnosis involved a social influence and a state of dissociated consciousness

Question 29

Theodore Barber

Answer 29

Believed in social influence phenomenon. Hypnotists ideas became the subjects thoughts

Question 30

Psychoactive drug

Answer 30

Chemical substance that alters perception and mood

Question 31

Tolerance

Answer 31

Diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs effect

Question 32

Withdrawal

Answer 32

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use if an addictive drug

Question 33

Physical dependence

Answer 33

Physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

Question 34

Psychological dependence

Answer 34

Psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Question 35

Addiction

Answer 35

Compulsive drug craving and use

Question 36

Depressants

Answer 36

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 37

Barbiturates

Answer 37

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 38

Opiates

Answer 38

Opium and it’s derivatives, such as morphine and heroin. They depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Question 39

Stimulants

Answer 39

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 40

Amphetamines

Answer 40

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Question 41

Methamphetamines

Answer 41

Powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. Over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels