Chapter 6

Question 0

Cocktail party effect

Answer 0

Ability to attend to only one voice among many

Question 1

Selective Attention

Answer 1

Focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect

Question 2

Inattentional blindness

Answer 2

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 3

Change blindness

Answer 3

After brief visual interruption you fail to notice changes in your visual field

Question 4

Change deafness

Answer 4

Failure to notice slight changes in our auditory field

Question 5

Choice blindness

Answer 5

Failure to notice our selection of a particular stimulus has changed

Question 6

Choice blindness blindness

Answer 6

Exhibit denial (blindness) to falling victim to a hypothetical experiment

Question 7

Pop out phenomenon

Answer 7

Some stimuli are so strikingly different, they demand our attention

Question 8

Illusions

Answer 8

Perception as of visual stimuli (optical illusion) that represents what is perceived in a way different than reality

Question 9

Gestalt

Answer 9

An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Question 10

Figure ground

Answer 10

Organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

Question 11

Grouping

Answer 11

Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Question 12

Proximity

Answer 12

Group nearby figures together

Question 13

Similarity

Answer 13

Group together figures that are similar

Question 14

Continuity

Answer 14

Perceive smooth, continuous patterns

Question 15

Connectedness

Answer 15

Uniform and linked

Question 16

Closure

Answer 16

Fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object

Question 17

Depth perception

Answer 17

Ability to see objects in 3 dimensions although the images that strike the retina are 2 dimensional; allows us to judge distance

Question 18

Visual cliff

Answer 18

Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 19

Binocular cues

Answer 19

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of 2 eyes

Question 20

Retinal disparity

Answer 20

By comparing images from the 2 eyeballs, the brain computes distance. Greater disparity(difference) between 2 images, the closer the object

Question 21

Convergence

Answer 21

Extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. Greater inward strain, closer the object

Question 22

Monocular cues

Answer 22

Depth cues such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

Question 23

Relative size

Answer 23

If we assume 2 objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away

Question 24

Interposition

Answer 24

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

Question 25

Relative clarity

Answer 25

Because light from one object passes through more atmosphere, we perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects

Question 26

Texture gradient

Answer 26

Gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, distinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed

Question 27

Relative height

Answer 27

Perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away

Question 28

Relative motion

Answer 28

As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move

Question 29

Linear perspective

Answer 29

Parallel lines appear to converge with distance (railroad tracks)

Question 30

Light and shadow

Answer 30

Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes

Question 31

Phi phenomenon

Answer 31

Illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Question 32

Stroboscopic movement

Answer 32

Brain will perceive continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images

Question 33

Perceptual constancy

Answer 33

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change

Question 34

Perception

Answer 34

Process by which our sensory receptors and central nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Question 35

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 35

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Question 36

Perceptual set

Answer 36

Mental predisposition to perceive 1 thing and not another

Question 37

Schema

Answer 37

Concepts (that organize and interpret unfamiliar information)

Question 38

Human factor psychologists

Answer 38

Branch of psychology that explains hoe people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Question 39

Extra sensory perception

Answer 39

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input

Question 40

Parapsychology

Answer 40

Study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis

Question 41

Context effects

Answer 41

Influence of environmental factors on ones perception of a stimulus

Question 42

Visual capture

Answer 42

Tendency for vision to dominate other senses